Reading Response Essay Example for Free

Reading Response EssayThe September Sisters, by Jillian Cantor, is a story round two sisters, Abigail, the oldest and Becky the youngest. They both struggle a lot and make each others life miserable, thats all they do, then Becky disappears in the middle of the night, Abby struggles to cope with her own stamp of guilt and loss. Aby meets a new neighbor, Tommy, who with time, discover that love can bloom, even when its surrounded by thorns. This is shown by the author with tone, imagery and similes. Abigail feels a sense of guilt through the disappearance of Becky, they would ever so fight for no reason or for stupid reasons and now that she realizes that shes gone. She struggles with this deep feeling of sorrow. I matt-up this sudden surge of guilt, as if I shouldve heard everything, shouldve heard Becky get out of bed, rascal 13.Throughout the book whole book, the tone is always said as guilt and grief. Every time I got in the swimming pool or I looked at the inner tube, I prospect about Becky swimming toward me, wanting the pink one so bad, Id feel so guilty, and Id think, why didnt I just let her have it? What was the big deal anyway? She couldve had this one thing it wouldnt have been so much to give, page 296. Jillian Cantor gives us a very strong feeling of sorrow and grief to capture, which tells us the theme throughout the story. Theres also a big summation of similes used to show the theme. Our house is like a prison, something that some times feels like its keeping me in, locked away, not keeping other people out, page 17. Abigail feels trap with all this situation of her sister missing, rather than feeling protected, its vice-versa.Another example is, The kiss was short, and when he pulled back, I could see his breath, like frosting, lighting up the air, page 189. When Aby uses frosting, its sweet and good, so Aby describes his presence as sweet air, making her happy, which goes with the theme of innocence of young love. The way Jillian C antor captures images about what is going on is by giving imagery. Beckys hair was straight, dirty blond, and just past her shoulders. She had green eyes and pinkish sunburned skin in the summer. She had dimples. She had some freckles on her nose. She had two-inch scar just above her right elbow, from the time she fell off her bike. She was four feet eight inches tall, and she weighted seventy-three pounds. She was ten age old, page 28.The author uses vivid amount of sentences to imagine how Becky looked before she went missing. I felt his lips moving over mine, his tongue pushing slowly into my mouth, and it all felt perfectly and warm and so nice, page 315. Abigail is comfortable with his presence when shes with him and feels passion by his side. I certainly picture this scene as it goes. The warmth of love and innocence is captured in this quote. Jillian Cantor really gives out the theme by expressing himself with tone, imagery and similes even though theres hard times in life , love always makes its way through, it will be there, through thick and thin. This innocent young love was told in this story with Tommy and Abigail. Abigail struggled with the disappearance of her younger sister but the love that Tommy and her gave each other made love bloom, through this hard situation of her family and her.

Psychology Coursework Essay Example for Free

Psychology Coursework EssayWe have studied various aspects of organization, its structure, strategy, effectiveness, transfers and other aspects. Study of organizations by psychologists has attained much splendour in recent times. The broad study includes perception, attitudes, motivation, and interpersonal relationships among members. Every organization is a group of members working towards a common goal. Every organisation has a structure and purpose. It may be a social, political, or a commercial organisation or one for either other purpose.Psychologists research in this s get it on assumes much importance so that suggestions can be ade and implemented for obtaining the optimum results . Several theories atomic number 18 proposed with regard to organizations. M L Blum states that group surmise views that associations and human affiliations are primary work motivators in a group. He states that the degree of cooperation in a primary group is critical for its success. So w e come up that all the members contribution go to achieve the goal. So it is essential that each member is properly cause.Regarding the question put forth about the factors inhibiting or supporting performance,It can be said that a person could have achieved one part of his target but might have not achieved in other of the same task. The major reason for achieving could be motivation. Among the various factors which go to contribute to achievement , motivation has the great role. The very formation of a group shoots in motivation in its members. Clifford T Morgan puts in that motivations are inferences from behaviour. We can never observe motivation but can infer their existence. Motivation ,according to him is a the right way tool for explaining behaviour. Incentive motivation like wages, bonus play a major role in the group work.A member has to be motivated according to his needs. It makes common sense to say that When a persons needs are taken care of, his performance woul d increase. Various studies have shown that a person may have upto thirty seven needs. Anyway they can be classified into biological and socio psychological needs. The first one is about his bodys necessities like food, nutrition, rest and so on. The next one is about security, freedom, care, recognition, approval , self respect and so on. It can be safely deducted that any achievement or non achievement can be attributed to the above causes.As an Industrial psychologist, his role would be to ensure that all or atleast most of the motivations are taken care of. This would bring in the best results. Having studied the lesson , we have gained in depth knowledge about the various dimensions about groups. The author goes in detail about the need for changes in groups that is, introduction of new ideas or behaviour due to current technological changes, global competition and so on. It is suggested in many experiments that resistance would occur for adopting any changes. This can be meas ured by survey feed backs.The most mportant factor making implementation gruelling would be insecure feeling among members particularly if the group is one of working group. It may be a fear of losing jobs or fear of inability to cope with the new methods of work. Let us now take the example of unsuccessful person to perceive benefits stated in the Lesson. as a reason for resistance for changes. This failure is due to lack of information about the changes. The member is unaware of the reasons or the mode of changes. So communication is essential from the highest level to the lowest level and transgression versa.The changes proposed have to be iscussed and analysed with all the members . Their views heard and clarified and convinced. . This gives them the feeling of importance. This again goes on to motivate the member. David G Myers emphasizes the need for group discussions where ideas are pooled and discussed jointly. Just perceive to a persons arguments is of no use. Active pa rticipation brings in better attitude change than merely listening passively. Again ,this may bring in more resistance arguments but a thorough debate with proper information will ultimately result in the members understanding the benefits of the change and being convinced .The industrial psychologist has to see that the members are given assurance of their benefits and all apprehensions removed. Let us now imagine what a person would give tongue to to the CEO if just a few minutes are at his disposal. An Assistant Regional Sales Manager would probably assure the CEO on the lines that his department would welcome changes . He would be keen on impressing the CEO in the short time. He would even go to suggest ignoring resistance and sack ahead with changes. He would not miss to suggest a salary hike to all along with changes , which would be beneficial to the organization.

Experience of Novice Nurses with NIV in General Wards

Experience of Novice Nurses with NIV in General WardsExperience of novitiate nurses caring patients with non-invasive ventilation system in popular harbors.Non invasive ventilation (NIV) is use to provide respiratory pressure support to upper airway by utilise external masks without the insertion of endotracheal tube. It is mostly used for the early circumspection of acute respiratory failure (ARF) (Rose and Gerdtz, 2009) and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) ( Penuelas, Frutos-Vivar Esteban, 2007). NIV is considering less intensive than mechanical ventilation, therefore some clinicians manage these patients distant the intensive superintend unit (intensive care unit), particularly in hospitals where ICU beds are unavail satisfactory (Farha et al., 2006, Hill, 2009). One audit report revealed that in provide use of NIV outside the ICU is associated with higher mortality (Sumner and Yadegafar, 2011). Its increasingly usage outside the ICU, lead less experienced nu rses to care for these patients results in quality care compromised. Previous studies pay place the following factors that contribute towards treatment failure with NIV is lack of intimacy and experience about the regulation of NIV (Kallet, 2009, Lopez et al., 2006, Lopez-Campos et al., 2006, Elliott et al., 2011), inappropriate guideline (Sinuff et al., 2007), patient-ventilator asynchrony, poor judgment about the appropriate mask selection, patient intolerance (Hess, 2011) and delay in patient care at ward level (Elliott et al., 2011).Safe delivery of NIV can be sure when the patient received care from experienced, educated and well trained staff (Rose and Gerdtz, 2009). Previous studies had searchd the experiences of experienced nurses worked in ICU and identified that experienced nurses are utilise their practical knowledge to select the appropriate mask to patient face. They are using their communication skills to gain control on patient breathing and using their clinical experiences to solve the problems and avoiding delays in adjusting the ventilation (Srensen et al., 2013) and providing reassurance to immobilized patients and protect them from errors (Acebedo-Urdiales et al., 2014). There is another study that covers the perspectives of general ward nurses about the NIV, is not generalizable study because it was conducted only in one hospital. However, data revealed that 67% nurses didnt get involved in the decision making process and were in decently informed. Even they did not received adequate consultation from physicians and medical emergency team and mostly, all nurses in medical wards state that training was inadequate about the NIV (Cabrini et al., 2009). Most of the studies have viewed the experiences of competent nurses in ICU or general ward however no study has explored the experiences of novice nurses caring the patient with NIV in general ward.Therefore, the purpose of my study is to explore the experiences of novice nurses caring th e patient with NIV in medical ward. The one of the reason for selecting this topic is my own area of practice and my experience of being a novice nurse in medical ward in Pakistan. I remembered that when I was assigned with NIV patient, I really felt very anxious and worried. Because, I didnt have any idea about the BIPAP machine like how it is operated, what assessment I need to do in patient condition to monitor the authority of treatment. Sometime, I felt hesitate to consult with physician about the patients condition, because of my lack of knowledge, skills and training about the NIV. Therefore, some time I had a fear of harming to patient. My colleagues also had shared the same experiences and feeling with me.For literature search, I have used these electronic databases CINAHL (15), PubMed (45), Embase (32) and Scopus (35). I have developed the keywords from Medical bailiwick Headings (MeSH) from each database. I have used these keywords for literature search work experience job experience experience experiential learning nursing knowledge nursing role nurse-patient traffic job satisfaction, nursing practice critical care nursing education, nursing staff nurses nurse attitudes decision making nurse-physician relations evaluation new graduates nurse staff development, nursing care nurses novice nurses respiration, artificial noninvasive ventilation noninvasive ventilation non-invasive ventilation. Reference lists of relevant papers were also checked to identify other potentially relevant literature and take the assistance from nursing librarian. The inclusion criteria for each database were paper published in the English and between the periods of 1 January 2005 to 31 March 2015. I have also used the Boolean operators to limit my search results. The reason for such demarcation line is to get the relevant literature about my area of interest. Total number of paper which I get from each database is 127 documents. Once, I done with literature search, I s tarted to read the abstract of each article and select the relevant and near relevant article to my explore purpose and eliminate those which I found irrelevant. surface of 127, 26 articles were selected, review critically and develop themes like factors for NIV failure, lack of knowledge and skills etc .The difficulty which I faced during literature search was I cannot be able to remove the duplicate articles from each databases.As, no study has viewed the experience of novice nurses, therefore I would like to conduct the research build on this research question that what are the experiences of novice nurses, while caring the NIV patients in general wards? This study will explore the experiences of novice nurses and uncover the challenges which novice nurses are lining at intrapersonal, interpersonal or organizational level while caring the patient with NIV. Moreover, this study will highlight the need for staff training. Because, through prissy training of staff, its eliminate s those factors which contributed towards NIV failure in ARF patients and provides quality patient care. In these studies, novice nurse is defined as nurses who are new graduates or have limited experience in nursing care particularly with NIV patients (CINAHL). The reason for selecting the general wards setting is as my area of specialty in medical ward and most of the time, general wards staffs are less experienced and untrained comparatively to ICU staff.ReferencesACEBEDO-URDIALES, M. S., MEDINA-NOYA, J. L. FERRE-GRAU, C. 2014. Practical knowledge of experienced nurses in critical care a qualitative study of their narratives. BMC Med Educ, 14, 173.CABRINI, L., MONTI, G., VILLA, M., PISCHEDDA, A., MASINI, L., DEDOLA, E., WHELAN, L., MARAZZI, M. COLOMBO, S. 2009. Non-invasive ventilation outside the Intensive Care Unit for acute respiratory failure the perspective of the general ward nurses. Minerva Anestesiol, 75, 427-33.ELLIOTT, M., CROOKES, P., WORRALL-CARTER, L. PAGE, K. 201 1. Readmission to intensive care a qualitative analysis of nurses perceptions and experiences. Heart Lung, 40, 299-309.FARHA, S., GHAMRA, Z. W., HOISINGTON, E. R., BUTLER, R. S. STOLLER, J. K. 2006. Use of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation on the Regular Hospital Ward Experience and Correlates of Success. Respiratory Care, 51, 1237-1243.HESS, D. R. 2011. Patient-ventilator interaction during noninvasive ventilation. Respir Care, 56, 153-65 discussion 165-7.HILL, N. S. 2009. Where should noninvasive ventilation be delivered? Respir Care, 54, 62-70.KALLET, R. H. 2009. Noninvasive ventilation in acute care controversies and emerging concepts. Respir Care, 54, 259-63.LOPEZ-CAMPOS, J. L., GARCIA POLO, C., LEON JIMENEZ, A., ARNEDILLO, A., GONZALEZ-MOYA, E. FENANDEZ BERNI, J. J. 2006. Staff training tempt on non-invasive ventilation outcome for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis, 65, 145-51.LOPEZ, A. D., SHIBUYA, K., RAO, C., MATHERS, C. D., HANSELL, A . L., HELD, L. S., SCHMID, V. BUIST, S. 2006. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease current burden and future projections. Eur Respir J, 27, 397-412.PENUELAS, O., FRUTOS-VIVAR, F. ESTEBAN, A. 2007. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Canadian Medical Association Journal,177 , 12111218.ROSE, L. GERDTZ, M. F. 2009. Review of non-invasive ventilation in the emergency department clinical considerations and management priorities. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18, 3216-3224.SINUFF, T., KAHNAMOUI, K., COOK, D. J. GIACOMINI, M. 2007. make guidelines as multipurpose tools a qualitative study of noninvasive ventilation. Crit Care Med, 35, 776-82.SRENSEN, D., FREDERIKSEN, K., GRFTE, T. LOMBORG, K. 2013. Practical wisdom A qualitative study of the care and management of non-invasive ventilation patients by experienced intensive care nurses. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 29, 174-181.SUMNER, K. YADEGAFAR, G. 2011. The utility and futility of non-in vasive ventilation in non-designated areas Can critical care outreach nurses influence practice? Intensive and Critical Care Nursing, 27, 211-217.

Factors for Consideration when Starting a Business

Factors for Consideration when Starting a BusinessBelow are most reasons why a soulfulness would like to class up his /her own line of merchandise.ControlIf a person has its own cable concern it gives them more comprise over how much money they make and how much they go a style work to gain more. When a person swallows his production line it is but dependent on the person how to start and master(prenominal)tain it in future. In short the control comes in the persons hand and at that place is no one elses control over him.ChoiceWhen a person starts his/her own byplay concern, it gives him/her freedom to whatever they want to do. For instance, it gives you a choice whether you want to do air and job together or deal in various products of your own choice. Moreover, being a freelancer or an nonsymbiotic contractor gives a person freedom regarding which jobs they choose to take.Business DecisionsIf a person has his own cable the success or ill luck of the demarcation touch only depends on your caper decisions. For example, having your own argumentation imagines you make the choices instead of having them made for you by an employer and the choices made decides if u fail or succeed, which in debate tells whether your decision was worth for a commerce. It gives you motivation to improve yourself in future and makes you a better line of descentman.SatisfactionSome people start their own business for themselves because they ease up a skill or a product to offer. They enjoy being obsessive about what they do. Moreover, starting your own business gives a person satisfaction as whatever they do they do for themselves and they can work hard to earn as much money as they want and there is no fixed salary.Job lossWhen a person loses his job, he may take his work experience and professional contacts and start his own business to make him less vulnerable to risks.Get creativeStarting up a new business, provides and entrepreneur to bring his creativi ty out. If a person has considered loss it alone, he will have thought out how you would do things your way. Being an entrepreneur gives him the freedom to express himself and develop his concept in whatsoever way he chooses. Of course, there are always financial constraints, but the ability to be as creative as you like is far more likable than a one-dimensional job.Very profitableIf you think that its just large corporations that make big win, you would be wrong. There are countless stories of entrepreneurs hitting on a great idea, exploiting it well and being well on their way to their commencement ceremony million by the end of the year. Although the start-up process can be tough, with broad hours and little money not unparkland, if you run your business well, the rewards can be huge. And, from a purely selfish point of view, you will get most of the profits yourself.Unfortunately, umteen an(prenominal) of the businesses are more likely to fail in its initial years beca use of the difficulties that commonly plague struggling companies suffer from. These difficulties occur in either business in its early years as the business is new to everyone in time to the management itself. Some of these reasons are elucidated below.Insufficient CapitalA common fatal mistake for umpteen failed businesses is having insufficient operating funds. Business owners underestimate how much money is conducted and they are forced to close before they even have had a fair chance to succeed. They likewise may have an unrealistic expectation of incoming revenues from sales. It is imperative to ascertain how much money your business will require not only the salute of starting, but the costs of staying in business. It is important to take into consideration that many businesses take a year or two to get going. This means you will need enough funds to cover all costs until sales can eventually contribute for these costs.Lack of planningSuccessful businesses just don not happen instead they need planning to make it happen. They are the outcome of deliberate and well-executed business plans. Many businessmen are so eager to get started that they neglect business planning and start a business with a dream and an idea. That capacity motivate you to get it started but not necessarily to succeed. If a person wants to setup his business it is necessary to have a business plan first and then start.OverspendingMany startups spend their seed money before cash has begun to flow in at a positive rate. This often happens because of misconception about how business engages. If youre just starting out in business, seek out seasoned veterans you can bounce your ideas off of prior to making big financial commitments. deficient sustenanceAnformer(a) common reason for small business failure is a absence of adequate funding, especially during the critical start-up period. Inadequate funding staidly limits the capacity and looms the ability to grow beyond the init ial stage of life. One should resist himself from the urge to start until he have attained all of the funding which they know they need to do it right.Bad marketingQuite often a person creates a business that sells the surmount product at the best price but still fails because no one knows it exists. Marketing about the product is critical if the business is going to have any chance of becoming the flourishing venture.Unreliable suppliersThe ability to maintain proper levels of inventory is directly relative to the quality of a persons relationships with reliable suppliers. Developing effective supply transmit can take some time but it is quite necessary in a business as whatever you sell should be proficient enough to attract customers to buy it.Staffing imbalancesLabour is the biggest expense for most businesses. Therefore, it only makes sense that its worth your time to make sure that your confederation employs the right measuring of people. For example, employing too many employees will have a bad effect on the business capital and employing very few employees will result in performance will. Making the perfect balance is not easy, but the rewards are well worth the effort.Ineffective sales performanceSales are a key element in the success of any businesses. Poor sales, on the new(prenominal) hand, are an indication that your business might be in jeopardy. A person should maintain a close eye on sales patterns and trends, and hire the best sales staff, which they can afford to keep the money regularly coming in.1.3The important factor ins which are necessary to start up a business are-Knowledge/ExpertiseAny business needs some amount of basic knowledge and experience. It is very essential that the owner is aware about the business he plans to start. Knowledge and expertise about the product or service are keys to a victorious business. Moreover, if a person has control knowledge the owner may not be able to sustain the business and can be foole d by the vendors, suppliers and competitors. Expert knowledge is especially infallible if the field of business is a niche field. For instance, the construction or software attention would require more knowledge as against a retail business selling a particular brand of clothes or shoes.Location decision making an ideal location for the business is a strategic and an important one. A good location goes a long way in making the business successful. The location needs to be carefully chosen. Some places have advantages over the others. A location should be explored on the basis where the raw materials can be easily sourced, the manpower would be easily available and it is easy to save on transportation costs. Moreover, choosing a location depends upon the nature of the business. For instance, a retail business should to be located in a well-populated area and one which is easily accessible.CompetitionBefore entering new business, information about market tilt needs to be found out. In case a product is a monopoly then the tilt will not matter. Otherwise the success of the business will depend upon the demand and supply gap. Thus if there is a huge demand then you can enter the business in appal of the market competition. Otherwise you will need to be stronger than the competitors to gain an entry. Normally existing firms will always have an advantage due to the experience they have and because they may be well equipped.The question which needs to be answered is What is unique about the product / service which will be offered to survive the market competition?Information such as who are the competitors, what is their market strategy and what factors are required to compete with them are important.Financing/CapitalAfter identifying the initial costs required for starting the business, it is necessary to look for the sources of funding like bank loan or sponsors. It is very essential to have adequate funds to start a business as lack of funds will have a bad i mpact on the business which may lead to the failure of it.Laws, Rules, RegulationSetting up a new business would require compliance with various laws regulations. Each country is governed by separate laws and regulations which require that any new business be registered with certain authorities and equates certain compliance. Thus registration of the name of the company may be required with Ministry of Commerce for instance. hike up details need to be provided regarding the workforce and certain deductions may be required from the staff (such as tax) which would need to be deposited with the respected Government bodies. ken is required of such rules and regulations. It is always better to consult a lawyer before shot up a new business in an inscrutable environment. There are certain accounting / consultancy firms which would have a division giving advice on legal and statutory compliance. In case of lack of expertise it is better to approach a lawyer / accounting / consultanc y firms.1. 4 The heart of the issue with Human Resources is the skills-base of the business. What skills does the business already possess? Are they sufficient to meet the needs of the chosen strategy? Could the skills-base be flexed / stretched to meet the new requirements? An audit of human resources would include assessment of the following factorsExisting staffing resources Numbers of staff by function, location, grade, experience, qualification, remuneration Existing rate of staff loss (natural wastage) Overall standard of training and specific training standards in key roles Assessment of key intangibles e.g. morale, business cultureChanges required to resources What changes to the organisation of the business are included in the strategy (e.g. change of location, new locations, new products)? What incremental human resources are required? How should they be sourced? (alternatives include employment, outsourcing, joint ventures etc.)1.51.6 A business finance source is a way a business can obtain funding, either for start-up or operating expenses. There are many diverse types of sources like sales, loans, and clotheors. Each has different terms, benefits and disadvantages. Business owners tend to use two or more different sources in order to fund their business.Business finance sources fall into two main categories-Internal funding Internal funding comes from the profits made by the business by sale of products or assets. These are the funds which the company has on its own like the income of the company, the money they have of their own etc. external funding External funding comes from lenders and investors. The most common external finance sources are loans. Short and long-term loans require borrowers to repay funds at an pursual rate for a set period of time. Overdraft loans allow a borrower to spend a certain amount of money, and the lender charges interest on the overdraft amount.Before decision making which method is best for a company, bus iness owners should consider a variety of factors. The cost of the business finance source usually is the most important factor considered. Owners look at the interest rates and payment plans to determine the profitability of obtaining a certain funding source. Businesses that have a history financial constancy may want to consider an internal source of revenue before opting for an external source. Its also important to determine how long the business will need additional funding. A short-term loan would be best for projects that would only take a short time to complete.Business finance start-up generally refers to the cost to start a new business. It includes find, calculating, and obtaining start-up costs, as well as managing those finances effectively to ensure the profitability of a new business.The first steps to business finance start-up are to determine and estimate the amount of funds needed to open a business. These start-up expenses may include one-time fees, such as per mits and licenses needed to operate the business. Initial costs may also include on-going fees, such as rent and utility payments. Business owners usually only include the necessary expenses when determining the total cost to start-up. In order to estimate the amount of funds needed for the business, owners should set up worksheets that list each expense and how much it costs.1.7 The advantages of setting up a business under private limited company as opposed to sole trader ship are-LiabilityThe pencil lead benefit of trading via a limited company has always been the limited liability given to the companys officers and shareholders. As a sole trader or other non-limited business, personal assets can be at risk in the event of a failure of the business, but this is not the case for a limited company. As long as the business is operated legally and within the terms of the Companies Act, managers or shareholders personal assets are not at risk in the event of a winding up or receiver ship. And as often happens on occasion, such events are not always under our own control. There is no arrangement for a limited company to commence trading within any set time period after its incorporation.The principal benefit of trading as a limited company has always been the limited liability of the companys officers and shareholders. As a sole trader or other non-limited business, personal assets can be at risk in the event of a failure of the business, but this is not the case for a limited company.Gives confidence-Operating as a limited company often gives suppliers and customers a sense of confidence in a business. Larger organisations in particular will prefer not to deal with non-limited businesses. Also, many of the costs associated with managing and operating a limited company are not much more than with a non-limited business.Tax advantages-If you trade as a sole trader, partner or partnership, your income will be taxed as proprietors income, regardless of how much pr ofit is retained as working capital. Interest on loans to the business is also taxed as income. Furthermore, partners are personally and jointly liable for partnership tax and if a partner dies, the surviving partners are responsible for partnership tax. Creditors can state all your property to satisfy debts, and if this is insufficient, you may be declared bankrupt. An undercharged bankrupt is forbidden to start another business or to become a director of a limited company.Separate Entity Due to its very nature, a limited company is deemed to be a separate legal entity from its owners. This has several advantages, including the fact that the company will exist beyond the life of its members. If they retire or die, the company will continue to exist and operate. This ensures security for employees and other members and also is an advantage which other legal forms of business are not subject to.Ownership and Control In the case of Private moderate Companies, the Directors are also usually the main shareholders of the Company. Thus both the ownership and control of the business remain in their hands. Decisions can be made quickly and easily, with little fuss, allowing for a more successful business management platform.Company Name Part of registering a Limited Company, includes the registration of a Company name. This name will help identify the business in the marketplace, separating it from other Companies and protecting it.1.8A sole trader is a business form that allows one person to be solely responsible for the financial transactions of the business. The benefits and disadvantages of this responsibility are numerous and should be weighed carefully.Another term for a sole trader is a sole proprietor. Precisely, it refers to the person responsible for the fooling organization of the firm and for its profits and losses.Being a sole proprietor as it in legally known in the U.S.is a benefit to many people who are looking to start their own business. It is one of the most common types of businesses that can be formed and involves only one person as the responsible entity of the businessholding that person completely accountable for any debt or liability that the business might incur. Although sole traders have many advantages, they also have many significant disadvantages.LiabilityThe main disadvantage to being a sole trader is the liability that the business owner yields. Being held responsible for any lawsuits or potential damages is not only dangerous to the sole traders business, but it can be detrimental to her personal life as well. Unlike red-brick business corporationssuch as LLCswhich allow the business to be a separate entity, preventing anyone from holding your personal assets responsible for your business, sole traders are personally responsible for their business. accountabilityOne of the main disadvantages to many people for running a sole proprietorship is the complete responsibility that the sole trader has. Completely v ariant from business to business, since each business has its own type of operations, sharing responsibility takes a huge burden off of most business owners. That is one reason for the popularity of Limited Liability Corporations, Limited Liability Partnerships, and partnerships. These businesses each allow some owners to share or take less responsibility, leaving them to grow and improve their businesses more well than if they did not have complete responsibility.Lack of InvestorsWhen it comes to being a sole trader, the business owner can have a difficult time for growing. not only because of the lack of time that she has because of her tremendous responsibility, but due to investors lack of interest in a sole proprietorship. Companies are more apt to invest in corporations that have the potential to expand. They also prefer the other benefits of corporations, such as their legal structure and lack of personal accountability. Lack of investors can mean lack of growth for many com panieswhich can leave many sole traders running a stagnant business.

Poor communities relocation to Braamfischerville

Poor communities relocation to BraamfischervilleChapter 1 Introducing the study areaIntroductionThere is a crisis in housing in the third world. Large increases in the urban universe of third world countries have dramatic solelyy increased the demand for housing. handed-down values, and increases in urban population have resulted in the deterioration of housing conditions in grownr cities (Aldrich and Sandhu, 1995).As quoted above, housing has really been a problem in third world countries, of which southerly Africa is considered to be, as a lot as population increases has been empha coatd South Africa has a nonher distinctive and very effective factor that impact housing and development, viz. apartheid, prior 1994 apartheid laws restricted the non-white population of South Africa from residing where-ever and whenever they wanted. The influx laws that controlled the movementment of the non-white population were further emphasized by limited amounts of money countersink forth for the development of black communities. De Loor (1995158) as cited by Oosthuizen (2002) points out that from an initial amount of R402 trillion that was transferred to the Department of housing during 1990/1991 for national housing developments only R4 million was used the black communities development and revolving fund, this amount only constitutes about 1% of the total amount. It is as a result of this that there were an increased number of casual pocktlements in South Africa.After being elected as president after the first democratic elections in 1994 then President Nelson Mandela promised the South African citizens a better life for all (RDP white paper, 19941), a better life for all includes better living standards much(prenominal) as better housing, divest water, electricity, safety and better health care and etc. With the aim of achieving the goals put forth by President Nelson Mandela the Reconstruction and Development Program (RDP) was initiated early 1994. This p rogram was mainly aimed at developing South Africa to a better country socially and sparingal especially the curt. The question at hand currently is whether this has been achieved therefrom far, Sowman and Urquhart (1998) as cited by Moolla (2008) points out that informal settlements consisting of self- strengthened squatter camps made from a variety of materials such as corrugated iron, plastic, tin cans, wood, and cardboard are quiet down prevalent in South African cities, this in like manner implies that living conditions are difficult and very unhealthy.There are many localities in South Africa where such informal settlements are found so, with still the aim of improving the lives of South Africans the regimen continued the RDP and make baseborn-cost erects for the poor. These areas where theses RDP house are being built became of much interest to academics and they became good interrogation areas.In 2008 Raheesa Moolla of the Department of Geography, Environmental Man agement and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg conducted a study on one of these newly true areas namely, Braamfischerville, her research was aimed at take ining whether the residence of Braamfischerville where satisfied with their new homes. This research evidenceed much dissatisfaction by the lodge, it shows an increase in dissatisfaction levels from 37.3% in 2002 to 44.5% in 2008 (Moolla, 2008), this is incisively general dissatisfaction including factors such as housing qualities and sanitation.The results from the above mentioned research stimulates an interest as to whether Braamfischerville is different from where most this bulk recognize from or not? It is important to understand this so more effective solutions can be found to put these people out of their misery.Research Questions and aimsThis research is aimed at understanding what new changes, if any, that the move to Braamfischerville has brought to its community, whether their satisfaction level has chan ged for the better or worse.The research further more aims at answering the following questionsWhat is the cause to such increases in dissatisfaction levels by the community?What is the communitys perception on Braamfischerville as compared to where they come from?What improvements can be made to Braamfischerville in order to make it a better impersonate?With great considerations, this research can contribute to the governments goal to providing a better life for all by drawing attention to what the people really need i.e. what they want the government to do in order to improve their lives.Study area Location and HistoryBraamfischerville is rigid on the outskirts of Soweto, south west Johannesburg, some few kilometers remote from Dobsonville (see figure 1) thus forming one of the 87 townships (Wikipedia contributors, 2009) found in Soweto characterized by formal and informal settlements, squatter settlements and shanty towns. Braamfischerville is predominantly composed of RDP ho uses, 30m2 on a 250m2 plot, consisting of an open plan, bedroom, lounge and kitchen, and a separate toilet (Moolla, 2008).In total Braamfischerville is made up of four phases (namely phase 1, 2, 3 4) with only main roads having been tarred since the beginning of this development in 1996. On this report only phase 1 will be investigated. Phase 1 is composed of approximately 3000 houses (Moolla, 2009 individual(prenominal) communication) predominantly RDP houses, bond houses and squatter settlements.Though the governments aim with these developments was to provide prefatory returnss, such as shelter, running water, sewerage and electricity, and amenities, such as schools and clinics, in the Sowetan newspaper publisher as cited by Moolla (2008), Mohlale (2002) reported that many of these services are still absent in this area after six overaged age of development.MethodologyIn 2008 the University of Johannesburg conducted a questionnaire survey on housing satisfaction amongst t he Braamfischerville residents, this survey was a revalidation of a survey of the same kind that was conducted by the former Vista University (Now cognize as University of Johannesburg Soweto campus) both these studies used the same survey.As this is a small scale report and posses just small differences the questionnaire from 2008 was just used as a guideline and thus some minor modifications where done. Out of the four phases that make up Braamfischerville only one phase was chosen as the target for this research, namely Phase 1. A random sample of 30 questionnaires was conducted to achieve the objective of this study. The questionnaires where answered by means of interviewing residents of RDP homes, squatter settlements and bond houses of Braamfischerville Phase 1.The questionnaire looked at demographics socio-economical and number of years these residents resided at Braamfischerville furthermore it also aimed at understanding where most of the residents resided before Braamfisc herville, the main aim of the survey was to compare Braamfischerville to where most of these residents come from thus, to achieve that, the questionnaire also looked at availability of services and accessibility of basic amenities to the residents and, as a result the comparison was scaled on a scale of 3 (where 1 is worse 2 the same and 3 better) and thus conclusion was drawn base on this comparison between Braamfischerville and where most residents resided before.The results of the questionnaire were captured using Microsoft surpass and thus statistical analysis were conducted which resulted in graphs invested in this report. The 2008 report was used as guideline for comparative purposes.As completion of report, as will be seen in the next part, literature review was done on what has been written in regards to housing the poor, and the progress thereof. The rest of the report will be based on results from site visitation and validation, if any, of literature based on the topic of study.Chapter 2 Low cost housing defined and explainedRadikeledi (2007) cites Meng et al. (200488) as they define low cost housing, the define it as a type of low profit commodity housing with government subsidies and policy support aimed at providing a large number of decent homes for middle and lower-middle income house holds.RDPs function and continuationThe RDP endorses the principle that all South Africans have a right to a secure place in which to live in peace and dignity.One of the RDPs first priorities is to provide for the homeless (Bond, 2008). Furthermore Bond (2008) mentions key things that RDP housing must provide as follows bulwark from weatherA durable structureReasonable living space and privacySanitary facilitiesStorm-water drainage systemsElectricity andConvenient access to clean water.To correspond that these goals are achieved the Johannesburg City council in the financial year 2007/2008 allocated a budget to the different departments.RDPs progress in Johann esburgKnight (20011) as cited by Radikeledi (2007) states the goal that was set by the African National Congress (ANC) after winning the election in 1994 that they will ensure that with RDP 200 000 houses will be built p.a. until all South African citizens are fully accommodated, especially the previously disadvantaged.In contrast, the delivery of RDP homes has been heavily criticized, not only in Johannesburg but all over South Africa. 14 years into democracy still, a variety of self made informal settlements are still prevalent in South African cities (Moolla, 2008).One of the major criticisms against the delivery of RDP homes has been the procedures followed in order for one to obtain such a house. Marx and Royston (2007) identifiers three ways in which people name opportunities to access landThrough legal procedures involving local authorities, councilor and municipal officials.Family and friendship network.Information and assistance provided by the committee members through co mmunity meetings.Ndaba (2003) as cited by Moolla (2008) found that allocation of low cost homes in South Africa was undermined by corruption and malpractice from the officials. Furthermore Moolla (2008) cites The Star newspaper (Radler, 2008) which reveals that some 830 000 people have been on the waiting list since 1994 and are still waiting for their homes.Living conditions in RDP homesMatchbox House is it may be known to many, RDP homes are generally a 30m2 house on a 250m2 plot (Moolla, 2008). As cited by Moolla (2008), Haggard (2006) states that a typical RDP house consists of a toilet, open lounge, two bedrooms, kitchen and dining area (Haggard, 2006). However, Moolla (2008) states that not all RDP houses are constructed in this layout but are rather made up of an open lounge, kitchen and single bedroom with no dividing walls, and a separate toilet.Furthermore, Dangor (1998) compares the RDP houses to the old apartheid matchbox houses and in this comparison no difference was f ound as far as standard is concerned but much difference in size as matchbox houses are rather slightly bigger than the RDP houses was noted.Part of the objective of the RDP was the availability and accessibility of basic services and amenities respectively. Amenities include schools, clinics and conveyance however, Moolla (2008) states that many of these services are still absent in these areas.It is due to the absence of basic services and poor infrastructure that dissatisfaction levels regarding the area has increased by 7.2% within a period of six years i.e. 2002 2008.Chapter 3 Demographics and socio-economical characteristics of inhabitantsThis chapter will present findings on demographics and socio-economic characteristic of the inhabitants, also to be looked will be propinquity from basic amenities and delivery of services to the residents.Research shows that migration into phase one has been trending since 1996 this can indicate the unavailability of houses in the years of low migration.Demographic and socio economic characteristics.In this regard, to be looked at is the number of people occupying per household, dominating gender and employment status of these residents. Furthermore to be looked will be where the employed division of the residents got employed i.e. in Braamfischerville or before the got to Braamfischerville.Braamfischerville Phase 1 is dominantly composed of households consisting of 3 4 people per house, and rather astonishingly it is dominated by females. in any case evident from table 3.1 is that most these residents are aged between 31 and 40, educational qualifications show that most these people, especially the dominant age group, have at least a grade 12/matric qualification but yet employment levels are really low and thus most of the population is self employed by means of small businesses such as spaza shops and other retail services.A rather fascinating finding is that, as much as the governments aim with the RDP is to e mpower the poor statistics show that 27% of residents in phase 1 are renting the property they live on from owners who do not even live in the neighborhood. This puts much emphasis and reasoning to the criticisms mentioned in the previous chapter as far as RDP housing distribution is concerned. law of proximity to basic services and amenitiesBraamfischerville appears to be rather dominated by Spaza shops with one large Spar supermarket for formal groceries. There was no clinic, police position or pension pay out point seen in phase 1, residents complain that to get these services they are forced to go to Dobsonville which is located just e few kilometers from their homes.Overall delivery of services is rather poor in this area as the most important services are located very far from residents and they have to pay transport to get to them.Living in BraamfischervilleHaving to have looked at demographics, socio-economic characteristics as well as proximity from basic services resident s where asked to compare Braamfischerville to where they resided before. The majority of residents prefer to have rather remained where they come from.Reasons for such dissatisfaction from residents include that stated by Moolla (2008) of poor infrastructure, houses are leaking, poor service by municipality, absence of police for security reasons, no tarred road, unemployment, poor sanitation, no library and recreational facilities and unreliable transport systems. These results are of much surprise as the government intentions with areas such as Braamfischerville is to make sure everyones needs are satisfied.A large number of Braamfischerville residents come from areas such as Meadowlands and Alexandra these areas are sensed to be of rather unhealthy, unsafe and just poor living conditions thus, to understand these results literature review was conducted about the most prominent area where these people come from.An overview on AlexandraEstablished in 1905, Alexandra is thus the ol dest township in Gauteng but also one of the poorest of the province. Alexandra is located north east of Johannesburg some 3kms away from Sandton. It is characterized by lack of infrastructure, overcrowding and high rates of crime. The lunchbox fund (2008) highlights that this overcrowding has put much pressure on service delivery thus most shacks have no electricity and only 65% of household have access to piped water.Alexandra is made up of three different regions separated by the Jukskei River. To the west of the river one encounters the Old Alexandra predominantly composed of informal dwellings, three hostels and a block of flats, just to the east of the river lies eastbound swan which is predominantly middle class households. The Far East Bank which was developed recently is composed mainly of RDP houses (Wilson, 2008).Unlike other townships, Alexandra is rather very small, extending over approximately 800 hectares of land and ironically is home to about 350 000 people (Dlami ni, 2008). Wilson (2008) reveals that of the 350 000 people, 70 % of them where young people aged below 15 and 35 years with a 11.22 ratio between male (60%) and female (61%). former President Thabo Mbeki allocated a budget of R1.3 billion to the development of Alexandra in February 2001 (Dlamini, 2008). This budget was to be spread over seven years but when 2008 came was extended by two more years. This budget gave rise to the Alexandra Renewal Project (ARP) which then initiated the project by building about 90 000 RDP structures and also renewed the hostels and built a clinic. The ARP is still active and is renewing Alexandra to a suitable place for all.The de-densification process has been highly successful. The relocation exercise since 2001 to new developments in Dieplsloot, Braamfischerville and Far East Bank extensions provided approximately 11 000 families with new homes. The ARP Housing strategy envisage the further relocation of 15 000 families out of Alexandra (Dlamini, 2 008).ConclusionsAs a result of poor services and unavailability of basic amenities, 63% of Braamfischerville residents are very dissatisfied with their new homes and prefer to have stayed where the resided before Braamfischerville or be relocated to a better area. The overview on Alexandra has shown that there is much progress in the development of the township, further more, all amenities that are absent in Braamfischerville are present in Alexandra, the only advantage Braamfischerville has over Alexandra would be that if these people had remained in Alexandra they would possible still be living in shacks and other informal dwellings not that they would complain much as research has shown that 44.5% of the population is not satisfied with the houses in general either way.This dissatisfaction levels will continue to grow until the government intervenes and have targeting areas of low satisfaction levels and attend to all basic needs, this will result in RDP houses being homes where people live with pride in and not show the clear distinction between the poor and the wealthy.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

The old poet Kahlil Gibran, a long time ago, once said, You work that you may keep pace with the soul of the earth. For to be idle is to become a stranger unto the seasons, and to step out of lifes procession, that marches in majesty and proud submission toward the infinite. An interesting thought, that we work in pose to keep pace with the earth. Now, Im sure youre asking yourself, how can my near minimum wage job, where the customers treat me like a doormat and I still wear to be pleasant and chipper, keep me in sync with the soul of the earth. Well I imagine there are higher rewards to part-time high take aim jobs, but other than the always too small pay checks, I am hard pressed to fathom them. Yet, that is not the kind of work I am speaking of. And then there is school work. Yes of course there are obvious rewards, such as these diplomas we are about to receive, to putting in a lot of time, energy and hard work into our studies. However, today I am here to talk about another aspect of work. It is work that galore(postnominal) of us have been involved in one way or another either in sch...

The Hero? In Macbeth Essay examples -- Macbeth essays

The Hero? In Macbeth The tragedy Macbeth highlights an ambivalent character who wants to be king. This paper pass on take a underweight look at his character. Samuel Johnson in The Plays of Shakespeare states that both reader rejoices at the fall of Macbeth (133). In Shakespeare and Tragedy John Bayley talks slightly Macbeth as a answerable agent for his actions It is essential to the hypnotic tension of the play that Macbeth should not seem in any ordinary way responsible for his actions. non only the witches but every other agency is like a portent or apparition - pity striding the blast, heavens cherubim, the lamentations heard in the air, the voice that cried Sleep no more - do not so much personify the haunted imagination of Macbeth as act as separate and rival powers, distracting us from the difference between the usurper and murderer and the read/write head which has drawn us in. . . . It is the feeling shared by both Macbeth and the audience, that something has co me for him, that the secure world of thought and possibility, of the individual self with its desires and secrets, has at peace(p) beyond recall. (191) In Macbeth as the Imitation of an Action Francis Fergusson considers how Macbeth fully understands the irrationality of his deed I do not need to remind you of the great scenes preceding the murder, in which Macbeth and his dame root for themselves together for their desperate effort. If you think over these scenes, you will notice that the Macbeths understand the action which begins here as a competitor and a stunt, against reason and against nature. dame Macbeth fears her husbands human nature, as well as her own female nature, and therefore she fears the light of rea... ... Samuel. The Plays of Shakespeare. N.p. n.p.. 1765. Rpt in Shakespearean Tragedy. Bratchell, D. F. New York, NY Routledge, 1990. Kemble, Fanny. Lady Macbeth. Macmillans Magazine, 17 (February 1868), p. 354-61. Rpt. in Women instruction Shakespeare 166 0-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK Manchester University Press, 1997. Lamb, Charles. On the Tragedies of Shakespeare. N.p. n.p.. 1811. Rpt in Shakespearean Tragedy. Bratchell, D. F. New York, NY Routledge, 1990. Mack, Maynard. Everybodys Shakespeare Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB University of Nebraska Press, 1993. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http//chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin. Wilson, H. S. On the figure of speech of Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada University of Toronto Press, 1957. The Hero? In Macbeth Essay examples -- Macbeth essaysThe Hero? In Macbeth The tragedy Macbeth highlights an ambivalent character who wants to be king. This paper will take a close look at his character. Samuel Johnson in The Plays of Shakespeare states that every reader rejoices at the fall of Macbeth (133). In Shakespeare and Tragedy John Bayley talks about Macbeth as a responsible agent for his actions It is essential to the hypnotic tension of the play that Macbeth should not seem in any ordinary way responsible for his actions. Not only the witches but every other agency is like a portent or apparition - pity striding the blast, heavens cherubim, the lamentations heard in the air, the voice that cried Sleep no more - do not so much personify the haunted imagination of Macbeth as act as separate and rival powers, distracting us from the difference between the usurper and murderer and the mind which has drawn us in. . . . It is the feeling shared by both Macbeth and the audience, that something has come for him, that the secure world of thought and possibility, of the individual self with its desires and secrets, has gone beyond recall. (191) In Macbeth as the Imitation of an Action Francis Fergusson considers how Macbeth fully understands the irrationality of his deed I do not need to remind you of the great scenes preceding the murder, in which Macbeth and hi s Lady pull themselves together for their desperate effort. If you think over these scenes, you will notice that the Macbeths understand the action which begins here as a competition and a stunt, against reason and against nature. Lady Macbeth fears her husbands human nature, as well as her own female nature, and therefore she fears the light of rea... ... Samuel. The Plays of Shakespeare. N.p. n.p.. 1765. Rpt in Shakespearean Tragedy. Bratchell, D. F. New York, NY Routledge, 1990. Kemble, Fanny. Lady Macbeth. Macmillans Magazine, 17 (February 1868), p. 354-61. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK Manchester University Press, 1997. Lamb, Charles. On the Tragedies of Shakespeare. N.p. n.p.. 1811. Rpt in Shakespearean Tragedy. Bratchell, D. F. New York, NY Routledge, 1990. Mack, Maynard. Everybodys Shakespeare Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB University of Nebraska Press, 1993. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http//chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin. Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada University of Toronto Press, 1957.