Volcanoes Essay Example For Students

Volcanoes Essay By Tricia Severson2nd hour Science4/30/98A well of lava is a vent, or opening, in the outside of the Earth through which magma andassociated gases and debris emit. The word additionally alludes to the structure or structure, usuallyconical, created by aggregations of ejected material. Volcanoes happen principally nearplate structural limits and are particularly basic around the Pacific bowl, called thePacific Ring of Fire (see Plate Tectonics). Mankind has for quite some time been awed by this amazing power of nature. The Romans attributedvolcanic occasions to Vulcan, the lord of fire and metalworking. In AD 79 the emission ofMount Vesuvius crushed the Roman urban areas of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Polynesiansbelieve volcanoes to be administered by the fire goddess Pele. One of the most spectacularvolcanic emissions in written history happened in 1883 with the blast of Krakatoa,an island in the Sunda Strait close to Java (see Krakatoa). A later model is thedramatic 1980 emission of Mo unt St. Helens in the Cascade Range in Washington State. Spring of gushing lava Formation and EruptionsVolcanic emissions might be savage, even calamitous, or generally gentle. The mostexplosive emissions are basically impacts of steam that make awesome showcases. We will compose a custom article on Volcanoes explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Calmer crevice emissions happen when liquid stone pushes through long breaks in theEarths covering and floods the encompassing scene. Such rehashed outpourings of magma canfill encompassing valleys and cover low slopes, making thick magma successions that eventuallybecome levels (see Plateau). The starting point of liquid stone, alluded to by geologists as magma, isn't clearlyunderstood. Around 80 percent of all magma is made out of basalt rock. Geophysicalresearch recommends that volcanic magma structures close to the base of the Earths hull and movesupward to a shallow magma chamber before ejecting at the surface. Magmas risebecause they are less thick than the stones at lower profundities, and their warmth probablyweakens encompassing rocks. The upward development of magma may likewise be expected toexpanding gases inside the liquid stone or to compound responses that break up rocksabove the magma. Volcanic material advances toward the surface through channelways, orvolcanic cours es, and is expelled through vents at the Earths surface. (See additionally Lavaand Magma.) Eruptions take various structures relying upon the organization of the magma when itreaches the surface. Abrupt ejections are frequently connected with low-consistency (morefluid) magma where the extending gases structure a foam that turns into a light, shiny rockcalled pumice. In ejections of high-consistency (thicker) magmas, the gas pressure shattersthe rock into parts. Pyroclastic rocks, shaped by volcanic blast, are namedaccording to measure: volcanic debris if sand-sized or littler, volcanic bombs if bigger. Solidified debris is called tuff. Calmer, increasingly uninvolved ejections discharge liquid basalt lavafrom embankments or barrier swarms (magma interruptions that cut across layers of rock). Theseeruptions spread enormous regions and frequently produce ropy, or pahoehoe, magma streams. Thickerbasalt magma breaks into lumps or squares, shaping blocky magma streams, called aa. The results of volcanism might be arranged into two gatherings: magma and pyroclastics. Magma is the liquid period of volcanic action. Pyroclastics (likewise called tephra) arevarious-sized particles of hot garbage tossed out of a well of lava. Regardless of whether magma orpyroclastics are being shot out, the ejection is regularly joined by the removal ofwater and gases, a considerable lot of which are harmful. Magma for the most part frames long, slender waterways ofmolten rock that stream down the inclines of a fountain of liquid magma. Hazardous ejections will in general be dynamite occasions best saw from a protected separation. Seismic tremors, high segments of fumes, lightning, and solid tornadoes frequently accompanythe blasts. The emission of Krakatoa released a torrent, an enormous seismic ocean wave,that cleared the banks of Java and Sumatra and suffocated in excess of 36,000 individuals. Avolcano can develop with alarming rate and regularly influences an area a long ways past the areaon which the cone structures. When volcanoes are conceived in the ocean, the emissions might be moreviolent than those ashore in light of the fact that the contact between liquid stone and seawaterproduces steam. Volcanoes likewise make cavities and calderas. Pits are shaped either by the massivecollapse of material during volcanic action, by bizarrely savage blasts, or later byerosion during lethargy. Calderas are enormous, bowl molded despondencies. A large portion of them areformed after a magma chamber channels and no longer backings the overlying cone, whichthen crumples internal to make the bowl. One of the most wel l known models is thestill-dynamic Kilauea caldera in Hawaii. Kinds of VolcanoesVolcanoes are typically arranged by shape and size. These are dictated by such factorsas the volume and sort of volcanic material shot out, the succession and assortment oferuptions, and the earth. Among the most widely recognized sorts are shield volcanoes,stratovolcanoes, and ash cones. Shield volcanoes have a low, expansive profile made by profoundly liquid basalt streams thatspread over wide territories. The liquid basalt can't develop a cone with sides much steeperthan 7 degrees. More than a huge number of years, be that as it may, these cones can arrive at monstrous size. .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 , .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 .postImageUrl , .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 , .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451:hover , .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451:visited , .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451:active { border:0!important; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451:active , .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451:hover { obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } . u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-design: underline; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0 e3d71b65451 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u40e6877bf5f7a253607d0e3d71b65451:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Mars 3 EssayThe Hawaiian Islands are made out of shield volcanoes that have developed from the ocean bottom to the surface about 3 miles (5 kilometers) above. Pinnacles, for example, Mauna Loa andMauna Kea ascend to in excess of 13,600 feet (4,145 meters) above ocean level. Hawaii is thelargest magma structure on the planet, while Mauna Loa, whenever estimated from the ocean bottom, isthe universes biggest mountain regarding both tallness and volume. Stratovolcanoes are the most well-known volcanic structure. They are made out of alternatinglayers of magma and pyroclastic material. At the point when a calm magma stream closes, it makes a seal ofsolidified magma inside the channel of the spring of gushing lava. Weight bit by bit develops below,setting the phase for a vicious impact of pyroclastic material. These exchanging cycles repeatthemselves, giving stratovolcanoes a rough notoriety. A soot cone is a cone shaped slope of generally ash estimated pyroclastics. The profile of thecone is dictated by the edge of rest, that is, the steepest edge at which debrisremains stable and doesn't slide downhill. Bigger soot pieces, which fall close thesummit, can shape slants surpassing 30 degrees. Better particles are conveyed farther fromthe vent and structure delicate inclines of around 10 degrees at the base of the cone. Thesevolcanoes will in general be hazardous yet may likewise expel some magma. Soot cones arenumerous, happen in all sizes, and will in general ascent steeply over the encompassing region. Thoseoccurring on the flanks of bigger volcanoes are called parasitic cones. Volcanic action ordinarily shifts back and forth between short dynamic periods and much longerdormant periods. A terminated spring of gushing lava is one that isn't ejecting and isn't probably going to eruptin what's to come. A torpid fountain of liquid magma, while as of now dormant, has emitted inside historictimes and is probably going to do as such later on. A dormant well of lava is one that has not beenknown to eject inside memorable occasions. Such characterization is subjective, in any case, sincealmost any fountain of liquid magma is equipped for ejecting once more. In the late phases of volcanic action, magma can warm coursing groundwater,producing natural aquifers and fountains (see Geyser and Fumarole). A spring is a hot-waterfountain that spouts discontinuously with extraordinary power. Extraordinary compared to other known models isOld Faithful in Yellowstone National Park. Fumaroles are vents that discharge gas exhaust orsteam. Volcanoes happen along belts of pressure, where

Weighing the Evidence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gauging the Evidence - Research Paper Example Subsequent to looking at all the discoveries of the considerable number of articles, the scientists discovered that the recurrence of the examination ideas is straightforwardly corresponding to the quality of the investigation proof. This is implies that if the recurrence with which an idea is examined is low, the subsequent quality additionally turns out to be low particularly when one spotlights on the nature of results of the gauging procedure. This was found after the specialists contrasted the agenda evaluation results and the master judgment made. The specialists utilized straightforwardness as the thinking procedure that permitted them to make their determination. They presumed that the utilization of agenda examination in gauging the investigation proof is superior to utilizing master judgment. This is on the grounds that agenda examination is straightforward and can without much of a stretch be talked about by the colleagues or others. This end was feeble in light of the fac t that the analysts concentrated on a solitary viewpoint: straightforwardness. The analysts reasoned that agenda examinations are better than the master judgment since they are transparency.However, extra research is important to fortify the discoveries. For instance, the scientist should direct research to explore the impacts of the recurrence of the examination topics on the two strategies utilized in gauging the quality of the investigation results. Furthermore, the unwavering quality of the gauging scale utilized in the examination isn't resolved making it urgent for the scientists to lead an extra investigation to assess the legitimacy and dependability of the gauging scale .

Persuasive Essay Examples Grade 6 and Grades 9

Persuasive Essay Examples Grade 6 and Grades 9The main difference between persuasive essay samples grade 6 and those graded at grade 9 is the number of words per paragraph. The final grade, of course, is determined by the quality of the argument in the essay.A persuasive essay at grade 6 is an introduction to a topic that is not well understood. The subject matter is not crucial to the thesis, but it can add depth to the argument. It should provide clues as to what needs to be done next.The introduction might help to answer questions, provide important information, or present a problem for further investigation. It could also provide clues as to what you are going to write about next, whether that is an essay on a relationship or an essay on religion.An essay that begins with an introduction is a great introduction to a topic because it gets you thinking about what you want to say in a few sentences. When a reader begins a persuasive essay at grade six, they are ready to start readin g. In order to keep them reading, you need to provide them with information, a problem, or to do some further investigation.If you do not believe that you are able to provide the information, investigate, or do the further investigation that you will need to make a persuasive essay work, you need to develop your own writing skills. If you are unsure about the best way to create the best argument for the topic, consult with a professional academic advisor or faculty member.If you do not have any research or writing experience, it is possible to write a persuasive essay at grade six or grade nine by using examples from successful people and situations. Find a single quote from a successful person, situation, or institution, and put it in the middle of your essay.Be sure to use that quote only once and explain that it is a significant event in the life of the speaker. Then, when you discuss the speaker's career, ask yourself if you agree with your essay example. For example, if you fin d that you do not agree with the examples in your essay, use another example.When it comes to writing a persuasive essay at grade six or grades nine, you may be anxious to complete the assignment in just a few days. Of course, a good, successful persuasive essay takes time to develop and be prepared for presentation. After all, what is persuasive writing without the ability to persuade?

The Prevention Of Violence And Discrimination Based On...

Committee: GA3 - The Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee Issue: The prevention of violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity Student Officer: Sarah Lim Position: Chair of the Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee ________________________________________ Introduction: Gender identity and sexual orientation is one of the more stigmatized and marginalized aspects of self-expression for any human in our society today. A state or country with a more liberal take on the expression of gender identity and sexual orientation tends to be more prosperous, in terms of happiness, simply because people can freely be themselves and be with their loved ones without fear of persecution, discrimination or even†¦show more content†¦Gender Identity: An individual’s inner sense of being and ones own understanding of how one identifies either as a man, woman, neither or both. †¢ Biological sex: The physiological attributes, which determine whether a person is male, female or intersex based on anatomy, chromosomes and hormones. †¢ Gender expression: the ways in which a person expresses their gender identity by manifesting masculinity, femininity, both or neither through behavior, appearances, preferences and more. Topic Summary/Overview Before further investigation it is important to keep in mind that the LGBT community usually faces discrimination in terms of job opportunities, income, access to basic healthcare, legal recognition of same sex partners etc. however, one of the more serious difficulties the LGBT community faces would be exposure to violence and discrimination simply due to their identity and orientation. This may occur due to one’s state and judicial system or in terms of hate crimes encouraged by an anti-LGBT community along with prejudicial ties in religion and culture Often so prejudice against the LGBT community is caused by the stigmatization of homosexuality, which had previously been labeled as a mental illness, or an ailment of one’s spirit, as well as having to be strongly correlated towards AIDs due to past events. Therefore the more traditional general public sees people of the LGBT community, as well as their efforts to achieve their rights, as a threat to ones valuesShow MoreRelatedBullying Is Defined As Written, Verbal And Physical Conduct1374 Words   |  6 Pagesparticipate in or benefit from the school’s educational programs or activities by placing the student or students in reasonable fear of physical harm (glsen.org). This includes conduct that is based on a student’s actual or perceived race, color, national origin, sex, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, religion or any other distinguishing characteristics that may be included by the state or local educational agency. This also i ncludes association with a person or group withRead MoreThe Reasons behind Homosexual Discrimination1214 Words   |  5 Pagesencounter more people who â€Å"mind† than heterosexuals. This particular discrimination has been occurring for decades all across the globe; however it became prominent in the United States in the 1950s. In 1953, under President Eisenhower, it was decided that homosexuality was a sufficient enough reason in itself to fire people from federal jobs. This executive order stood from 1953 until 1993, providing support to the idea that discrimination in employment ranked as the worst type of persecution gay peopleRead MoreGay And Lesbian Students Should Not Be Made A Victim Essay1139 Words   |  5 Pagesexcluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. Even while this law is intact bullying is still prevalent in our school systems, p articularly targeted towards lesbian, gay, and transgendered students. 2011 National School Survey reported 63.5% of students felt unsafe at school because of their sexual orientation. It was also noted that gay and lesbian students are 4 times more likelyRead MoreGender Is A Complex And Controversial Phenomenon1415 Words   |  6 PagesGender remains a very complex and controversial phenomenon. Within most societies, gender is defined along binary lines- through a two-part system. Some individuals do not find it difficult being socialized and identifying with a societies’ definition of â€Å"femaleness† and â€Å"maleness†. Others, however, have a more difficult time. The term â€Å"transgender† refers to particular individuals whose gender identification does not align with what society would rather regard them as, and are based on the conventionalRead MoreHate Crime Essay816 Words   |  4 Pagesdesecration have been fueled by hatred. As Native Amer icans have been described as the first hate crime victims, hate crimes have existed since the United States’ inception. Since then, members of all immigrant groups have been subjected to discrimination, harassment, and violence. Although there are variations in definition, and certainly variations among state hate crime laws, in general a hate crime is considered to be an illegal act against a person, institution, or property that is motivated (in wholeRead MoreA Brief Note On The And Lesbian And Gay Pride Week At An Elementary Classroom Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesHow many students can explain the difference between a person who identifies as gender fluid and someone who identifies as cisgender or transgender? How many of those same students have used homosexual adjectives, such as gay, to offend a heterosexual or humiliate an action? For the most part, a student will not learn about the different types of gender until college and have used homosexual adjectives as insults to describe stupidity or diminish a men’s need to portray emotion. The educational systemRead MoreFemisim, Sexual and Gender Equality1153 Words   |  5 PagesFeminism/Gender and Orientational Equality Even though many say that the idea of allowing same sex would be against Gods will, and that women are also the lesser sex of the two binary genders, as well that it is unnatural for people to be transgender, everyone, regardless of gender (binary or otherwise) and Sexual/Romantic orientations, deserves equal rights in all cases. Because in only seventeen of fifty states, homosexual couples have marriage rights. This leaves thirty-three states with thoseRead MoreThe Cultural Identity Of The African American Community1653 Words   |  7 Pagesfeel a sense of belonging. Race, gender, nationality, ethnicity, poverty, and sexual orientation, all play a role in developing one’s identity and more often than not, these multiple identities intersect with blackness. Being that American society has deemed colored people and populations as minoritarian subjects, African diaspora people can be seen making safe spaces for themselves to survive as individuals and as a part of communities. Stuart Hall’s Cultural Identity and Diaspora focuses on the currentRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught? Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pageswith an inclusive, evidence-based approach in addressing sex education in my classroom. The state-mandated teaching standards promoting a biased, abstinence-only program, however, do little to communicate reliable and inclusive information about sexuality. Texas provisions and education codes relating to sex education should sustain amendments that fully address the sexual health needs of every student, regardless of their gender identity, sexual orientation or sexual expression. Sex EducationRead MoreEssay On Matthew Shepard Hate Crime1189 Words   |  5 PagesCrimes Prevention Act. The purpose of this act was to â€Å"provide Federal assistance to States, local jurisdictions, and Indian tribes to prosecute hate crimes† (Kennedy, 2009 p.1). Assistance other than financial assistance, in general, at the request of State, local or, tribal law enforcement agency, the Attorney General may provide technical, forensic, prosecutorial, or any other form of assistance in the criminal investigation or prosecution of any crime that , constitutes a crime of violence; constitutes

How to write dragon in Japanese kanji - Japanese word for dragon

Click here to check out my Popular Kanji for Tattoos to learn more kanji characters. Definition: Dragon Pronunciation: ryuu Alternate Spellings: é ¾ /ç «Å" りゅ㠁†

Vygotsky Theory, Social Learning Theory And Attachment Theory

Vygotsky Theory, Social Learning Theory and Attachment Theory in a Daycare Setting With the increasing number of working parents, there is an increasing need for childcare. When being a stay-at-home parent or having a babysitter is not an option, many parents turn to daycares for the care of their children. However, finding the right daycare for their children is a challenge because they need to find the most suitable type of care that fits their child’s needs. In doing this, they have to consider a daycare that fosters the optimal development for their child that considers their cognitive and social development as well as their emotional well being. Vygotsky’s theory, social learning theory, and attachment theory can best explain these different aspects of development. When developing a daycare design, a consultant needs to keep these elements in mind to foster the optimal development in young children. Vygotsky’s theory can be applied in a daycare setting to foster cognitive development. When guiding children, the adult-child dialogue, scaffolding, and the zone of proximal development are important for their cognitive development. Vygotsky believed that cognitive development required social interaction to develop fully (Manheimer, 2015). The need for language and communication is especially important in a daycare setting. Children are encouraged to participate in social interactions when being in a daycare around many other children and other adults. VygotskyShow MoreRelatedSocial, Family And Environmental Influences On Human Development Essay1554 Words   |  7 Pages Human Development †¢ Introduction †¢ Cultural context Social influence (Vygotsky) †¢ Physical environment (Vygotsky) †¢ Family influence (Bowlby) †¢ Social and family environment (Bronfenbrenner) †¢ Conclusions †¢ References â€Å"You cannot predict the outcome of human development .All you can do like a farmer create the conditions under which it wellbeing flourish(Robinson.K.2001)This essay will discussed social , family and environmental influences on human development ,across in wholeRead MoreVygotskys Sociocultural Theory Of Development831 Words   |  4 PagesSocio-cultural developmental theory Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of development is essential in d primary school and early childhood settings. Through an understanding of the socio-cultural theory, it facilitates pedagogical practices and teaching strategies for educators. The socio-cultural theory is underpinned by the influence of the environment and cultural contexts such as beliefs, values and skills in facilitating development (Mooney 2013, p. 77). Smidt (2009, p. 7) states that children’sRead MoreDevelopment Of A Child s Social And Emotional Development1377 Words   |  6 Pages Within the area of child development there have been many scientific studies which have formed our understanding of children’s social and emotional development, within this essay I am going to look at some of the theses developmental theories and how they have impacted modern day society in understanding the development of a child’s social and emotional development. Development is the pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the lifespan (Santrock, 2008, p.5) EmotionalRead MoreProvides Us With A Way To Learn Cause And Effect Relations1488 Words   |  6 Pagesand effect relations between environmental events’ (Martin, Carlson and Buskist, 2010, pg 259). Classical conditioning is learning by association Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which an organism learns to transfer a natural response from one stimulus to another, previously neutral stimulus. Manipulating reflexes does this. Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which the likelihood of a behavior is increased or decreased by the use of reinforcement or punishment. Operant conditioningRead MorePiaget, Bandura, Bowbly and Vygotsky1850 Words   |  8 PagesBowbly and Vygotsky Development is about the customary way that a child acts (Bruce Meggit, 2006). Child development is multidisciplinary. Several researches have put forward theories on the way children developed. These can be divided into the psychoanalytical theories, the learning theories, and the cognitive development theories. In this assignment, I will explain a number of these theories by showing what the theorists had developed. Jean Piaget: (Cognitive-development theory) Jean PiagetRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1132 Words   |  5 PagesPsychologist Jean Piaget was the first to make a study surrounding the theory of cognitive development. The interesting thing about Piaget’s way of studying was that he was more concerned about how children’s thoughts got to the answer in relation to their IQ rather than simply their ability to answer a question correctly. The cognitive development theory detailed observational studies of cognition in children by a series of tests, which furthermore revealed different cognitive abilities. BeforeRead MoreExploration Of Holistic Development Within A Child s Life1442 Words   |  6 Pagesdebate ideas (Stanford 2014). Cognitive development is dominated by a key psychologist ‘Jean Piaget’. Piaget perceived children as not replicas of adults, as he believed children viewed the world differently (Oakley 2004). Piaget established his theory on three principles; assimulation, accommodation and equilibration. Assimulation is a course of new experiences in mental structures, known as schemas (Hummed, 1998). Cognitive structures are developed when a child is accustomed to their surroundingsRead MoreThe Role Of Heredity And Environment On Learning Theory1009 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironment in Learning Theory With regards to human development, is it determined by heredity or the environment? What is the importance of the answer to this question? Several developmental psychologists have researched this question and provided possible theories to answer it. This paper will take a look at three leading theorists on the subject-Bronfenbrenner, Piaget and Vygotsky. By means of personal reflection into my own learning experience, I will analyze which theory best describes myRead MoreThe Stepping Stone Preschool Program Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pagesbased its philosophy on several core developmental theories. These theories help form the philosophy that will direct all of the center’s actions. According to Freeman, C. Decker and J. Decker (2013), â€Å"The program philosophy not only includes beliefs that guide the selection of curriculum, but it also should be the guide for all interactions within the organization†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Therefore, it is important that program philosophy be imbedded in developmental theory so that the philosophy promotes development in anRead MoreSociocultural Theory in Early Childhood Development Essay849 Words   |  4 Pagescombination of social (relating to human society) and cultural (taste in art and manners that are favored by a social group) factors.† (Socialcultural , 2010) You might ask why we are defining these words. It gives a better understanding of Vygotsky beliefs â€Å"that children seek out adults for interaction, beginning at birth, and that development occurs through these interactions.† (Morrison, 2009 sec 14.6) I agree that his theory is the best process for learning. Many people feel that social interaction

Lost Time Is Never Found Again free essay sample

When you are young, eager and full of beans, you rarely cOntemplate how precious time is. You just live and revel in life, devoting almost all your time to the things that you are keen on doing. We show so much impatience looking forward to our birthday and hate those hapless few days that feel like ages. Just imagine what great amount of time we kill in front of our computers or hanging around the streets. As long as we are kids and teens and have enough spare time, we can afford not to pay too much attention to it. However, the older we grow, the less free time we are left and the less freedom we experience. Thats when you begin to learn to appreciate it and realize that lost time is never found again. I am a teenager, but studying in the eleventh grade, I can call myself a busy person, because every day depends on the schedule and daily routine occupies a lot of time. We will write a custom essay sample on Lost time is never found again or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page More often than not, I find myself in a hurry, determined to accomplish this or that thing as soon as possible. I feel lack time, even run out of it. This is particularly perceived in the morning, when even a minute delay can lead to my missing the bus and being late for school. Therefore, I should carefully plan the time to wake up and look at the sequence of my morning actions in order to get out of the house in time. Needless to say, that all classes held at school depend on timetable, so we take no control over this time. Classes are over at two or three, as a rule, and I have to hurry again so as not to miss the bus and not to come home late at night. When I get home, severe struggle for time breaks out inside my head, since some part of my mind begs the rest asking me to lie down and watch TV for a few hours, while my conscience keeps saying ‘no way, you have to do your homework right now’. I admit to say it’s wrong, but mostly I choose the first option, because I experienced that if I just sit down at my homework, Ill have scraped it through by 9 or 10 which means I will have no time to indulge myself. On the other hand, when I set to my homework at seven instead of four, for example, the time when I come home, I’ll complete it at 11 and immediately go to sleep. I’m not sure which of the two choices helps me to save my time, because in both cases I am exhausted and feel worn out. Frankly speaking, Im fed up with this routine so every working day I look forward to the weekend, and every weekend I look forward to holiday as studies take up the whole weekend as well. At the same time, regardless of my constant complaining and whining about excessive amounts of homework, I believe that this time is not spent in vain, because I realize that I work for the future and my school teaches me to cope with these difficulties and plan the day. It will be particularly rewarding at university. Even when I unwind from the process of learning and dedicate myself to seemingly futile activities such as playing computer games, watching movies or listening to music, I do not think this time is lost, because sometimes you just need to get some respite from your work and have fun. Its rest for our mind which amuses and cheers up. And it goes without saying that nobody considers hobbies to be a waste of time. In this case, what do we call lost time? I reckon these are the breaks between our activities, during which we feel bored and do not know what to do, what to make us busy with. I mean, if we lie on the bed and feel too lazy to do something, I think its ok, because laziness, if it is not exceptional laziness, is a protective reaction of the body. But if we lie on the bed, without any idea concerning what to do, its lost time. The modern world offers so many activities providing both education and entertainment that it’s just a shame to be bored. Moreover, most activities do not require any great effort on our part, including financial backing. All they require is desire. I suppose, it’s not a problem not to waste your time nowadays, and the only thing that matters is that you should learn to appreciate it, otherwise you will regret missed opportunities and won’t be satisfied with life. While were young, we’d better spent every moment of our life for the benefit of ourselves, and this is the key to success. I’m absolutely sure that time is the most wonderful and inexplicable thing in the world. Whatever life is, it needs being regulated by time. I don’t want to argue, but in our unexpected century when you don’t know what is going to happen in a moment, it’s not really easy to control your time. But it’s worth doing to be satisfied with yourself and live in more or less peaceful contentment. Nobody likes to be constantly busy. We all eager to have enough spare time to get relaxation, to unwind from work and devote some time to our dearest, and loved ones. But this frantic world leaves us less and less precious time to take up what we are keen on. This is another reason why we need to plan our time. I reckon, the easiest but, on the other hand, the most inconvenient for most people way to save time is not to postpone things. Lets say you are to do a two-hour work until tomorrow. It is likely that you can feel too reluctant to do it and you just want to relax on your sofa in front of the TV. Provided, you spent an hour watching your favorite TV-show, but you still can’t relax, because the thought of undone work just does not get out of your head. You watch TV for another two hours and exhausted by your own thoughts you finally decide to set to work. Time is lost, nothing profitable is done, and you still feel worn out. Needles to say, there are people who are not concerned about the work they haven’t done yet, but as a perfectionist I do not belong to their number. That’s why not putting off things and doing everything on time is a perfect way to save time for me. Another solution to eternally busy people is to plan a day. If you take down the list of things that you intend to do and tick what you’ve already done, it will bring you a double benefit. Firstly, you’ll never forget anything essential. Secondly, youll save time because you will not rush for half an hour, not knowing what to grab and what to do next. A jokey way to manage your time is to write down everything that you have to do in the colored stickers and paste them around the apartment. The most important thing is to stick them in a prominent place, otherwise you’ll only waste your time trying to find the appropriate sticker. It goes without saying, that it’s pretty problematic to undertake any business with a sense of fatIgue. Therefore, to save time it is also substantial to relax, both physically and mentally. As you know, the best rest is a change of physical and mental work. So plan your day so as not to be busy with household chores for half a day and sit at the computer for another half a day. Personally, I try to plan my free time, because there’s no point in planning my school day as it’s too limited. In any case, I try to act according to my father’s advice. He always tells me to spend any minute of my life doing something useful, because only time can’t be replenished. I’m sure that if I use my time reasonably and rationally, I won’t ever feel I’m missing out of anything or regret lost opportunities.

The Death Of A Salesman Essay Willy Gets Fired Example For Students

The Death Of A Salesman Essay Willy Gets Fired Instability Lead Life to Its EndThe character Willy Loman from the play Death of a Salesman has been read throughout the years with distinct interpretations. Many people have given different reasons to what led to Willys tragic fate. One interpretation I took was that Willys instability in his life led to his death. Some point that led in to my interpretation were his early family life, his relationship with Biff, and his job. Willys early family life was a difficult one with its many inconsistencies. In Willys early childhood his father left; this left him with many questions about his father and how to be a father. In one scene we see Willy talking to Ben and Willy voices questions and comments about when their father left. Willy asks Where is Dad? and says Dad left when I was such a baby and I never had a chance to talk to him. Willy also voices his concerns about being a father. He says sometimes Im afraid that Im not teaching them the right kind ofBen, how should I teach them? In this early life Willy and his family move around a lot. People and places changed around them fairly swiftly. Another inconsistency in his early family life was his relationship with his brother, Ben. Ben left Willy without looking back. Ben comes in and out of Willys life. We will write a custom essay on The Death Of A Salesman Willy Gets Fired specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Willys relationship with Biff has its highs and lows throughout the play making it difficult to establish a feel for their feeling towards each other. In the eyes of an early Biff there is nothing but love and devotion towards his father. Even Willy says Biff would go into the jaws of hell for me. This type of affections changes after Biff finds out about his fathers infidelity. Biff loses total respect for his father and calls Willy a liar and a fake. Willy saw early Biff as being a son he could be proud of with all Biffs football victories and successes with girls. As time passes and Biff comes home from the west it is evident that Willy no longer feels pride towards Biff. Biff has no job and wasnt making much money at his last job therefore Willy feels no pride towards Biff. Near the end of the play Willys feelings towards Biff change once again. Willy comes to believe that Biff loves him. Willy starts to says things like that boy is going to be magnificent. Willy was once again f eeling love towards Biff. Willys job causes him extra stresses involving loneliness and money. Willy continually was on the road causing him to have a lack of constant surrounding. We see this with all the people that come in and out of his life and his head. We also see a consequence of this with Willys loneliness. Willy gives the reason for his infidelity as being that he was lonely, terribly lonely. Another repercussion of Willys job was his money problems. At times Willy worked on commission causing extra stress on selling his product. Towards the end of the Broadway production, we saw a scene where people were rotating around Willy while Willy was also rotating. This scene shows nicely the instability that Willy was going through. Willy Lomans tragic death was in direct consequence to his instabilities. Words/ Pages : 582 / 24

How To Talk To Prospects At Every Stage Of The Marketing Funnel

How To Talk To Prospects At Every Stage Of The Marketing Funnel A funnel is a way to visualize your prospects’ journey through the marketing and sales process. Figure out where in the funnel they are at from the unaware to the purchase stage. So, it’s time to put fun back into that funnel! Today, we’re talking to Emma Tupa, ’s marketing automation strategist. She shares how to create personas, find a voice, breakdown funnel stages, and change communication tactics. Marketers, do you know who you’re talking to? Create buyer personas collection of prospect characteristics based on research Ways to create buyer personas depending on the stage of your business Research and information lets you pinpoint your ideal customers and target them with specific messaging Find your tone and voice to input personality into copy and effectively communicate in the customers’ language Top of the Funnel or TOFU: Prospects in unaware or pain aware stage; use interesting and informational, but not intense content, to soft sell Middle of Funnel or MOFU: Prospects in the solution aware to product aware stages; content connects dots between the pain and the best solution for it Bottom of the Funnel or BOFU: Prospect are potentially purchase ready and in the most aware stage; content is geared to converting through calls to action Marketing is a science; involves reacting and re-engaging with prospects to get them down the funnel Differences between marketing and sales materials, including emails Links: G2 Crowd How to Map Content to the Marketing Funnel Autopilot Why Your Customer Is The Key To Skyrocketing Conversion Rates with Talia Wolf from Get UpLift Joanna Wiebe Kathryn Nyhus Write and send a review to receive a care package If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Emma Tupa: â€Å"That’s really the key creating your buyer personas. They’re crucial to figuring out who you’re actually talking to.† â€Å"Once you have all that information, you can really start to pinpoint your ideal customers and then start targeting them with specific messaging.† â€Å"Conversions to us are if a prospect is moving down the funnel, we consider that a conversion from stage to stage, not just if they become a customer.†

Obesity in pediatric individual Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Obesity in pediatric individual - Essay Example Family history indicates that her father is obese and has Type 2 diabetes. The girl is alert and oriented, pleasant and cooperative and her vital signs indicate BP at 108/58, Heart Rate 64, RR 16, Temperature 98.4 and Body Mass Index (BMI) 32. The skin tone is dark pigmented neck, hands and underarms. The other conditions of the individual include: HEENT: Normocephalic, PERRLA, Visible fundus, without evident Micro vascular Damage. Exam otherwise unremarkable musculoskeletal – neck flexed, head down, poor posture d/t cervical dorsal hump Psychosocial – Poor self esteem, based on posture, body image. Lungs: good air entry, no adventitious breath  sound. Heart: S1 S2 present, no murmur, click, or rub. Obesity can be perceived as health hazard that primarily derives from the intake of more â€Å"calories than the body requires† and it can also occur due to the â€Å"interaction of genetic and environmental factors† (Thorleifsson et al, 2008, p.1). ... In the absence of any other obvious reasons identified in her case, the reportedly unusual weight gain of the girl seems to suggest an association with genetic or genomic causes. This becomes a specific concern since the subject’s father has a history of obesity with Type 2 diabetes. Evidence Supporting Genetic/Genomic Risk: Childhood and adolescent obesity is one of the major problems being faced by nations across the world in the modern day and this is especially so in the case of developed countries such as the United States. Though environmental changes play a key role in the prevalence of obesity across the world, evidence also suggests that â€Å"genetic component† also contributes to the risk (Bradfield et al, 2012, p.3). Recent studies based on genome-wide associations also indicate that â€Å"many genetic loci† are responsible for BMI/obesity in adults and the largest meta-analysis has brought to the fore â€Å"eighteen loci associated with BMI† ( p.4). This study further corroborates the existence of â€Å"two novel obesity loci† which are associated with â€Å"elevated adiposity in the first eighteen years of life† (p.6). Thus, it transpires that genetic and genomic elements are high risk factors for the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents, apart from environmental causes. Since the subject’s father happens to be diabetic, the apprehension of possible risk of inherited obesity is quite high in the instant case. Wardle et al, while agreeing to the notion that the high prevalence of obesity in the recent past can be attributed to environmental factors, contends that â€Å"inherited genetic differences†

The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman Essay - 7

The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman - Essay Example Without a doubt, there is an evident distance between the narrator and her husband as revealed in the story. This paper will carry out a critical analysis of the narrator explaining the changes that happened to her and why the changes proved to be highly significant. From the first line of the story, it is evident that the narrator is a female, married to a man named John. In addition, the couple belongs to the middle class as highlighted when the narrator says they were â€Å"mere ordinary people†. The narrator goes further to introduce the reader to the fact that they secured an ancestral home for their summer vacation (Gilman 1). The ancestral home is an important aspect of the narrator because it has features that trigger her imagination. The narrator has just given birth to a newborn baby and has been diagnosed with a form of depression. Probably, the narrator suffers from post-partum depression. The reader can also note that the narrator exhibits a sensitive temperament and is a committed writer. Since she is suffering from depression, her husband recommended her to avoid any form of work that may stimulate her intellectual capacities. Her husband is a physician by profession, explaining why he recommends a rest cure for her. Howeve r, the narrator disagrees with the views of her husband. She believes that the rest cure is only denying her an opportunity to indulge in her imagination. For this reason, she chooses to secretly write down journals that focus on the intriguing things she identifies in the house. She has identified a yellow wallpaper in the bedroom, which defines her center of obsession (5). Her husband’s sister ensures that she does not indulge in any involving work. However, the narrator develops tactics of keeping her writing a secret. She spends a lot of time analyzing the yellow wallpaper and trying to understand its meaning. Eventually, the narrator begins

The Creature in the light of this argument Essay Example for Free

The Creature in the light of this argument Essay When I reflected that they had spurned and deserted me, anger returned, a rage of anger. Shelley had very open religious beliefs, and it is notable that alienation happens in society because of religion. At the time the novel was written Catholicism was a very oppressive faith, and Shelley was very strongly opposed to the idea. I think that Shelley is making an important point about oppressive faiths: Victor plays God, and as a result, his people (the creature) are miserable and unfortunate. Also, as ideas such as the principle of life were arising at the time, Shelley is voicing a remarkable argument: Because technology was fast approaching before humans had developed enough to know how use it, it was extremely worrying that any faith or religion which survives the mechanization of the world, provides no moral code for science. The creature is isolated by his behaviour. He is alone in the world and lives like primitive man. He eats berries from the trees and seeks shelter from trees and caves, and other natural forms. He later realises that the embers he discovers produce fire, which in turn provides him with the three necessities of life: light, heat and food. It is essential for the sustenance of life on earth. Before this discovery, the daemon was isolated by his means of living and his primitive behaviour. In this instance, he is like the elderly today. They are uneducated, or not well enough informed of new techniques that improve the standard of living. Many dont have anybody to help them or to explain new concepts and discoveries, just as the creature doesnt have a parental figure for guidance. I think Shelley is informing us of the ongoing problem of alienation in any society, whatever age. The creature has no nurturing and no teacher, but above all, Frankenstein fashioned him repellently different from all humans so he is solitary in his appearance. Blindly, Frankenstein introduces an unsightly being into a discriminative world. On reflection of the creation of the daemon, Frankenstein says: I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful! Great God! When confronted by his reflection, the creature says: I had admired the perfect forms of my cottagers their grace, beauty, and delicate complexions; but how was I terrified when I viewed myself in a transparent pool! Alas, I did not yet entirely know the fatal effects of this deformity. The fact that individuals are alienated by their looks is timeless. Discrimination is apparent in all time periods. This element in the novel of the creatures isolation is unchanging and significant to all who read it. By incorporating this narrative, Shelley is successfully portraying the ageless theme of alienation, and touching upon the discrimination always found in the world. I believe that this strong sense of loss exemplified in the creature portrays Mary Shelleys own losses throughout her life. Growing up motherless, at the age of sixteen she ran away to live with the twenty-one year old Percy Shelley, the unhappily married heir to a wealthy baronetcy. She was cast out of society, even by her father. Shelley also lost her sister to suicide, as well as losing three of her own children to miscarriage and early childhood deaths. In 1822 her husband drowned in the Gulf of Spezzia, and she was left, twenty-five years old, with only one remaining son. She remained unmarried and died in London in 1851. The creature is also a victim of alienation due to social class. This is also a common problem today; however his is much worse, as he has no place in society whatsoever: Was I then, a monster, a blot upon the earth? He is solitary in looks, stature, and endurance. He is stronger than man, and more agile: When I looked around I saw and heard of none like me. This is utterly devastating to the daemon, who longs for companionship. Yet another of todays causes of alienation is a difference in learning abilities. The family in the cottage teach him civilisation what his father should have taught him he masters the science of words alone, by watching, listening and learning the things a new born child does for a long time before he eventually speaks. The creatures development is very rapid, yet he is cut off from society whilst learning this difficult task: I easily perceived that, although I eagerly longed to discover myself to the cottagers, I ought not to make the attempt until I had first become master of their language. He realises that he must be able to communicate with the family fluently for him to have a chance of describing his feelings, and this urges him to push on with his learning. I agree that Mary Shelleys Frankenstein is indeed a study of alienation; the concept is reflected in all characters and with all problems described in the book. I think the gothic typicality in the novel made her aim acceptable at the time: it fitted in with the literary requirements. The gothic descriptions also compliment the real fear of alienation it makes Shelleys point more terrifyingly real. I think Frankenstein is a very moralistic novel. Shelley has made her point very clear and we must be more aware that no matter how scientifically advanced society gets, there will always be those who are left behind and alienated from the rest because of the ignorance of others; whether because of social class, religion, behaviour, learning abilities or looks some things will never change.

Abstract Expressionism Essay -- essays papers

abstract expressionism It was a full 170 years after Americans had their political revolution that they won an aesthetic revolution. American art to get rid of its inhibiting mechanisms- provincialism, over-dependence on European sources, and an indifferent public- and liberate itself into a quality and expressive force equal to, or exceeding that of art produced anywhere within the period. Few would argue that the painting and sculpture that emerged from the so-called New York School in the mid 1940s was the foremost artistic phenomenon of its time and was labeled as the Abstract Expressionist movement. Abstract expressionism was a reaction to social realism, surrealism, and primitive art in the 1940s; this is a turning point in American art history because it caused the rest of the art world to recognize New York as the new center of innovation. The movement synthesized three other previous art forms. Social Realists "socially grounded" activist art of the 1930s responded to the disaster of the economy in America and the rise of fascism abroad by working in socially conscience styles. "This art form was contaminated by the cliches of the Stalinist popular front" (American Visions p. 469). Abstract expressionists responded to these art forms by deriving their new style from personal experience and by embodying this in contemporary forms, instead of getting their ideas from politics. The influence of Surrealism in The Abstract Expressionist Movement was its stress on the power of the unconscience as the most fertile ground of imagery. The expressionists valued the Surrealist style because it revealed the action of the dreaming mind and valued the accidental and the involuntary: "It welcomed the image that rose unbidden from a chaos of marks" (Modern Art 3rd Ed, p. 265). It also valued the American surrealists' sense of m ission. Their belief that art and life was inseparable heartened American artists who felt marginal, ignored by other Americans and felt provincial with respect to Paris. The Abstract Expressionists also used "primitive" art as a way of cultural escape. They looked at tribal artifacts in the American Museum of Natural History in New York City and believed it was disclosing one of the main buried roots of modernism. Cave paintings especially influenced many Abstract expressionists such as Pollock and Rothko. Aspects of cave... ... him to literally be in the painting, to move about within it and thus give equal emphasis to all parts. Although anticipated in Impressionism, this- the so-called "holistic" composition- was something new in modern art. The emergence of the Abstract Expressionist in America had a profound effect on the rest of the art world because it relocated the center of the art world from Paris to New York. Many factors caused America to be the new center of Creativity. Political and economical causes such as the Great Depression and world war II, as well as former artistic genres such as Surrealism, Social Realism, and primitive American art influenced the Abstract Expressionist new style. Bibliography: 1. Hunter, Sam and Jacobs, John. Modern Art, 3rd Edition. The Vendome Press, New York, 1992. 2. Hughes, Robert. American Visions. Alfred A. knopf, Inc., New York, 1997. 3. Mitchel, Corrine. The Life of Polock. Phaidon Press Limited, London, 1996. 4. Boston, Marsha. Art History and Studio Art Instructor, La Jolla Country Day School. 5. Romani, Frank. Art Historian, School of the Art Institute of Chicago. 6. http://www.biddingtons.com/content/pedigreeabstract.html

Essay on Reality Shows Should Not Be Banned

Reality television has become very popular over the past decade with shows such as â€Å"Survivor†, â€Å"Big Brother† and â€Å"The Apprentice† attracting big audiences and making a lot of money for broadcasters worldwide. A definition of reality television is quite difficult but at its most basic it means programmes that show things really taking place, rather than drama or comedy that follows a script. Typically reality TV involves a group of people who are not trained actors being filmed in unusual situations over a period of time.Sport and news programmes are not considered reality TV. Documentaries that explore aspects of society are a grey area, with some closer to news reporting and others blurring into reality TV because they set up situations which did not already exist. Recently celebrity versions of reality shows have made definition even harder, because they show the private lives of professional singers, actors, sportspeople, etc. as they cope with new situations.Reality TV is often a hot topic as proponents believe it paints an unrealistic and inappropriate portrait and is therefore bad for our society and the children that make up the majority of the audience. They call for a cut in the number of hours given over to reality programmes, or even to ban them completely. Opponents meanwhile maintain that people should be allowed to watch what they like, and that reality programmes make good TV, as shown by consistently high viewer figures.Reality TV is dishonest – it pretends to show â€Å"reality† but it actually distorts the truth to suit the programme makers. The shows are not really â€Å"real† – they are carefully cast to get a mix of â€Å"characters† who are not at all typical. Mostly they show a bunch of young, good-looking self-publicists, who will do anything to get on TV. Usually the programme makers try to ensure excitement by picking people who are likely to clash with each other.T hey then place them in unnatural situations, such as the Big Brother house or the Survivor island, and give them strange challenges in order to provoke them into behaving oddly. In The Bachelor, where a group of women compete for the affections of an eligible male, the ‘intimate dates’ they go on are filmed in front of any number of camera; that is not reality (Poniewozik, 2003).Finally the makers film their victims for hundreds of hours from all angles, but only show the most dramatic parts. Selective editing may be used to create â€Å"storylines† and so further manipulate the truth of what happened.

The Impacts of Gender Bias on Society

Gender bias exists in every aspect of society—from the workplace to the political arena. The gender gap affects our childrens education, the size of the paycheck we bring home, and why women still lag behind men in certain careers. Sexism in Politics As media coverage of female politicians has proven in recent elections, gender bias has crossed the aisle and it is not as rare as we might hope. It has challenged Democrats and Republicans, touched candidates in presidential, congressional, and local elections, and has been witnessed toward nominees for high government positions. 2008 Vice Presidential candidate Sarah Palin was noted as a former beauty queen and subject to other remarks, neither of which had nothing to do with her 2008 run.Hilary Clinton fell victim to misogyny countless times in both her 2008 and 2016 bids for the White House.During her 2009 confirmation hearing for the Supreme Court, Sonia Sotomayor was asked by Senator Lindsey Graham about a temperament problem and he later referred to a possible meltdown.A 2001 mayoral candidate in Allentown, Pennsylvania was publicly asked about her measurements before a delivering speech. These bring up the question that if any of these women had been men, would they have been  subjected to the same treatment? Sexism in politics is real and, unfortunately, we see it on a regular basis. Gender Bias in the Media Do women see themselves accurately reflected on television and film, in advertising, and in print and broadcast news? Most would say that they dont, but that it is improving. Maybe thats because only a small percentage of media decision-makers—those with enough clout to determine content—are female. If you want to find news about womens issues and from a female perspective,  there are a handful of outlets you can turn to. Traditional outlets are getting better at handling bias, though some womens advocates feel that it is still not enough. The members of the media often become the headlines themselves. Rush Limbaugh infamously has had a number of comments about women which many people have found inflammatory and derogatory. ESPNs Erin Andrews was the victim of a famous peephole incident in 2008. And in 2016 and 17, Fox News was plagued with sexual harassment allegations against leaders in the broadcast company. Beyond the news media, some women also find issue with other types of programming. For example, teen pregnancy shows on television raise the question of whether they are glorifying the issue or helping with abstinence. In other instances, shows may insensitively handle female body image issues such as weight. Older women can also be portrayed in negative ways and, in some cases, lose their jobs in media because theyre no longer young enough. Inequality at Work Why do women still earn only 80 cents for every dollar men earn? The primary reason is that its due to gender bias in the workplace and this is an issue that affects everyone. Reports do show that the pay gap between men and women is improving. In the 1960s, American women made just 60 percent on average as their male colleagues. By 2015, that had increased to an 80 percent average nationwide, though some states are not yet near that mark. Much of this decrease in the pay gap is attributed to women seeking higher levels of employment. Today, more women are entering fields in science and technology and becoming leaders in business and industry. There are also a number of careers in which women do make more than men. Inequality in the workplace extends beyond how much money we make. Sexual discrimination and harassment remain hot topics for working women. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act is designed to protect against employment discrimination, but it does not protect every woman and cases can be difficult to prove. Higher education is another venue in which gender and race bias remain a factor. A 2014 study suggests that on the university level, even well-intentioned academic professionals can demonstrate a preference toward white men. Looking Forward at Gender Bias The good news in all of this is that womens issues remain at the forefront of dialogue in the United States. Progress has been made over the last few decades and much of it is very significant. Advocates continue to push against bias and it remains a right of every woman to be able to stand up for herself and others. If people stop speaking out, these matters will continue and we cannot work on what remains to be done for true equality. Sources The American Association of University Women (AAUW). The Simple Truth About the Gender Pay Gap. 2017.Milkman KL, Akinola M, Chugh D.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"What Happens Before? A Field Experiment Exploring How Pay and Representation Differentially Shape Bias on the Pathway into Organizations.† Journal of Applied Psychology. 2015;100(6):1678-712.Ward M. 10 Jobs Where Women Earn More Than Men. CNBC. 2016.

A Haunting Past in Faulkners A Rose of Emily Essay

A Haunting Past In William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† Miss Emily Grierson holds on to the past with a grip of death. Miss Emily seems to reside in her own world, untarnished by the present time around her, maintaining her homestead as it was when her father was alive. Miss Emily’s father, the manservant, the townspeople, and even the house she lives in, shows that she remains stuck in the past incapable and perhaps reluctant to face the present. At the beginning of the story, the reader learns that Miss Emily â€Å"is portrayed as ’a fallen monument,’†¦ because she has shown herself susceptible to death (and decay) after all† (West 264). The house can also be perceived as a â€Å"fallen monument†(Faulkner 81) as the narrator†¦show more content†¦He is seen by the townspeople carrying things in from the market, working around the house now and again, and the only person to have contact with Miss Emily during this time. When the Board of Aldermen visited Miss Emily about the taxes she refused to pay, they were admitted by the old Negro into a dim hall from which a stairway mounted into still more shadow. It smelled of dust and disuse- a close, dank smell. When the Negro opened the blinds of one window, they could see that the leather was cracked, and when they sat down, a faint dust rose sluggishly about their thighs, spinning with slow motes in the single sun-ray. On a tarnished gilt easel before the fireplace stood a crayon portrait of Miss Emily’s father.(Faulkner 82) Miss Emily â€Å"just stood at the door listening quietly until the spokesman came to a stumbling halt. Then they could hear the invisible watch ticking at the end of the gold chain†(Faulkner 82). The watch is very symbolic given that Miss Emily does not want to move on with the times, but if the reader will look at the â€Å"idiom of having something or someone in ones pocket, that is, under ones personal control†(Schwab 215) then one might come to the realization that Miss Emily is even trying to control time. â€Å"The watchs placement in her pocket, its unusually loud ticking, and the chain to which it is attached illustrate both her attempts to control the passageShow MoreRelatedCharacterization within A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner1054 Words   |  5 Pagesusing strong characterization and dramatic imagery, William Faulkner introduces us to Miss Emily Grierson in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†. The product of a well-established, but now fallen family, Emily plays common role found in literature- a societal outcast, who earns her banishment from society through her eclectic behavior and solitary background. Often living in denial and refusing to engage with others, Emily responds to her exile by spending the remainder of her life as a mysterious recluse that theRead MoreGothic Literature: A Rose For Emily, The Tell Tale Heart, and Daddy976 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Faulkner’s, â€Å"A Rose for Emily, Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart,† and Sylvia Plath’s â€Å"Daddy†, are endowed with many features that contribute to their gothic form and success. Faulkner’s,† A Rose for Emily† is characterized by a powerful imagery, plot and setting which are interwoven to create a gothic feeling. The story unfolds in Jefferson, the living fragments of a land that is plagued with civil war. Among the remains of Jefferson is Emily’s house which appears to be the summaryRead MoreEssay on The Scrambling of Time in Faulkners A Rose for Emily1504 Words   |  7 PagesThe Scrambling of Time in Faulkners A Rose for Emily In, A Rose for Emily, Faulkner uses the element of time to enhance details of the setting and vice versa. By avoiding the chronological order of events of Miss Emilys life, Faulkner first gives the reader a finished puzzle, and then allows the reader to examine this puzzle piece by piece, step by step. By doing so, he enhances the plot and presents two different perspectives of time held by the characters. The first perspective (the world

The Chrysanthemums Essay - 962 Words

John Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysanthemums†, is a story about a woman struggling with strong inner feelings of loneliness and isolation. Elisa Allen is initially portrayed as a woman who overcompensates and whose tasks are far exceeded by her abilities. She appears content with her life and adores tending to her garden. However, a tinker briefly enters her life and through his power of persuasion and manipulation provides Elisa with hopes of change and excitement. He gives her the much needed attention she is so desperately looking for. As the story continues we learn that these hopes are crushed as we unravel the betrayal the tinker has bestowed upon Elisa. He exploits her and takes advantage of her hunger for company, aspirations, and†¦show more content†¦We get our next glimpse into the struggles she is internally suffering when her house is introduced to us as â€Å"hard swept† (Steinbeck 348). Elisa extends her insecurities and sorrow onto over-compe nsating in tending to the house she shares with her husband. The exchange between Elisa and her husband is cold and uncompassionate as they discuss their plans for dinner and a movie. He stands outside the wire fence which serves as a wall between Elisa and the rest of society. As her husband leaves to herd their cattle she watches and swiftly returns to tending her garden. As Elisa diligently cares for her garden she spots an unfamiliar wagon in the distance. She is approached by a tinker who repairs broken pots, pans, and various household supplies. He eagerly asks Elisa if there is anything he can repair. As she adamantly refuses she implies that she can repair her own pots and pans. She is stern in her refusals and allows us to learn that she desperately wants to be an equal and accepted. Elisa implies that she can repair her own pots and pans and eludes us to However, the tinker observes how loving she is with her flowers and uses that to his advantage. He starts a conversation about her beloved chrysanthemums and implies that an acquaintance has been looking for these specific flowers. The tinker quickly gains Elisa’s trust, gives her hope, and plays on her vulnerabilities. She begins to get a restored sense of self andShow MoreRelatedThe Chrysanthemums973 Words   |  4 Pages Prompt: How do the chrysanthemums as well as other symbols throughout the short story show women’s role in society? A Potential for Equality   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Humans, just as flowers, cannot fully live without sunlight. They cannot develop without nourishment, and most of all they cannot flourish if not carefully tended to. Just as the Chrysanthemums fight to stay strong and meaningful in the short story, â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† by John Steinbeck, the main character, Emily, tries to do the same. BothRead MoreEssay on The Chrysanthemums1123 Words   |  5 Pages Everything is everything in the world of short stories. Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums is full of thick rhetoric that raises questions and stirs the mind and imagination. Everything from the title, to the last line needs to be thought about more than once. The story isnt just about a farmers wife who likes pretty flowers. Not in the least! The Chrysanthemums is a story about how Elisa Allen is forced to a life that she feels is trapping her. The story is set in the early twentieth centuryRead MoreThe Chrysanthemums By John Steinbeck Essay1694 Words   |  7 Pages The story â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† by John Steinbeck, like many stories by this author, is loaded with symbolism and concepts about human nature. Each description of characters, places, and physical aspects is written in a way that is simple to understand, but one should not be tricked by his ordinary words since there is always a greater meaning behind them. In this particular story, if one considers the period of time when the story was written, which was the nineteen thirties, is perceived how SteinbeckRead MoreThe Use of Symbols in John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums720 Words   |  3 PagesIn John Steinbecks short story, The Chrysanthemums, he uses the flower to symbolize his main characters thoughts and ideas. There are many examples of such symbolism in this work. Elisa Allen is a lonely woman who enjoys growing and nourishing her chrysanthemums. Since her husband is always working the cattle in their farm, she never has enough attention or any kind of affection. The result of this dispassionate marriage leads Steinbeck to describe his main character as follows, Her faceRead MoreSymbolism in the Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck1758 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums is a story that is full of symbolism. After the first read, it might seem like an innocent tale about a woman and her garden. However, upon further examination, the reader learns it is actually a story about a womans desires and frustrations in her life. Steinbeck uses many examples, such as the flowers to symbolize the thoughts and ideas of the main character, Elisa, in this story. Elisa Allen is a lonesome woman who gets pleasure from growingRead More John Steinbeck’s The Chrysanthemums Essay572 Words   |  3 Pages In John Steinbeck’s The Chrysanthemums, the reader is introduced to the seemingly timid and shy Elisa Allen. Elisa is routinely planting her yearly sets of Chrysanthemums, which appear to be the sole receptor of her caring and gentle touch, but all the while it is evident that â€Å"the chrysanthemum stems seemed too small and easy for her energy.† Her hidden eagerness seems not only out of place, but out of touch with her dry and wilted surroundings, of which her husband, Henry, abruptly interruptsRead MorePrincess Masako Analysis991 Words   |  4 Pagescommoner that was very studious, outspoken, and she enjoyed playing softball as well as tennis; she experiences the feeling of having no freedom. This story uncovers the harsh reality of Masako’s journey before and after marrying the prince of the Chry santhemum throne, Naruhito Hironomiya, which includes her moving to many places with her family, her efforts in getting a job, and her life as a princess. After Masako and Naruhito got married, the new princess became a puppet controlled by the KunaichoRead MoreOdour of Chrysanthemums964 Words   |  4 PagesA Hint of Death In literature, foreshadowing is a warning or indication of a future event. Foreshadowing can tell you the possible outcome of a work of literature. In D. H. Lawrence’s â€Å"Odour of Chrysanthemums,† he uses the literary technique of foreshadowing to hint to the reader of the tragedy that Elizabeth Bates will soon learn happened to her husband Walter Bates. Throughout the story we follow Mrs. Bates at home with the children and gain knowledge of statements, descriptions, and objectsRead MoreThe Chrysanthemums And The Storm929 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Chrysanthemums† vs. â€Å"The Storm† â€Å"The Storm†, was written by Kate Chopin, who was a feminist writer who insinuated that women had an unspoken sexual appetite and longed for independence. She wrote stories that were considerably taboo of her time, including â€Å"The Storm†, which was about a woman in a content marriage, longing for attention and excitement who leans on another man for it. On the other end of the American literature spectrum, there is John Steinbeck, who was also a feminist writerRead MoreEssay on Chrysanthemums1121 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history, women have been portrayed as the weaker sex. As a result of these unfair social assumptions, women have been working hard to dissociate themselves from this stereotype and become more independent with their lives. In the story â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† by John Steinbeck, he describes Elisa Allens frustration with her marriage, her sense of isolation from the world, and her hidden desires to express herself as a woman and to explore her sexuality by living a more passionate life. The setting

Financial Year Or In End Each Accounting â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Financial Year Or In End Each Of Accounting? Answer: Introducation The term Impairment loss is defined as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or of the cash generating unit is more than the amount that could be recovered when the asset is sold. In respect of identification of the asset that could be impaired, in the end of each financial year or in the end of each of the accounting period, the entity is duty bound to check the conditions for impairment. The management has to check as to whether the asset has been impaired or not (CPA Australia, 2017). This is done mainly when conditions exists that suggest that the asset may have been impaired. The IAS 36 lays down some of the internal and external indicators of impairment. In case, there is an indication of the fact that the asset could have bene impaired, then the recoverable value from that asset would be calculated. The following are the conditions on the basis of which the impairment testing is done: When an intangible asset has an indefinite life When that asset is not available for use When the entity has made some business combination due to which goodwill has been calculated The following are the external conditions that affects the same: The market value of the asset has undergone a change There have been some negative changes in the technology, market, economy and the laws When there has been an increase in the interest rate in the market When there are net assets of the company which are higher than the market capitalisation In case, the recoverable amount from the asset is less than the value at which the same has been stated in the books of accounts, then the asset is stated to have been impaired and the difference between the former and the latter would be termed as an impairment loss (PWC, 2017). This amount of impairment loss would be transferred to the statement of profit and loss. The internal sources include the following: When there is an obsolesce or a physical damage When the asset has been sitting idle as the part of a restructuring or which has been held for disposal(MCA, 2017). When there is an adverse economic performance expected in the market In respect of the investments that takes place in the subsidiaries, in the joint ventures or in the associates, the carrying value would be more than the carrying value in the investees assets and also the amount of the divided is more than the amount of the income in the statement of comprehensive income of the investee. The above stated factors or the market conditions are not exhaustive but are just illustrative. When any market condition has existed which shows that impairment has taken place, then the following would be done: In case, the fair value less the costs of the disposal or the value in use is much more than the carrying amount, then it is not necessary to calculate in the other amount and in such cases, the asset would not be impaired In case, the fair varies less the costs of the disposal are not able to be determined, then the recoverable amount would be considered to be the value in use. For the assets that have been disposed off, the amount that could be recovered would be the fair value less the costs of disposal For the fair value less the costs of the disposal, the fair value would be calculated as per the requirements laid down under the provisions of IFRS 13 which deals with the fair value measurement. The costs of the disposal are the direct costs that have bene added and are not as per the existing costs or the overheads. In respect of the value in use, the calculation of the value in use would go on to reflect the following: The estimate of the cash flows in the future that would flow on to the entity from the asset The expectations of all of the possible variations in the amount and in the timing of those expected future cash flows The time value of the money which is represented by the risk free rate of interest in the market (ACCA global, 2017). The price for bearing the uncertainty which is inherent in that stated asset There are many of the other factors such as the illiquidity wherein the market participants would indicate the pricing of the future cash flows which are expected by the entity in order to derive in the cash flows from an asset. The projections of the cash flows are somewhat based upon the reasonable and the supportable assumptions wherein in the most recent budgets and the forecasts. This accounting standard considered the budgets and the forecasts that are not older than about 5 years. In this, the management is also duty bound to ascertain the reasonableness of the assumptions by the way of examining in the causes of the differences between the projections of the cash flows and also the actual cash flows. The projections of the cash flows relates with the current condition of the asset. There are future restructuring that would improve the performance of an assets and hence, the performance of an asset must not be anticipated. When this estimation is done, then it must be made sure that the cash inflows or the outflows do not include the flows from the financial activities or the payment or the receipt of the income taxes (IAS plus, 2017). When there is a cash generating unit to which the goodwill has been allocated for the purposes of impairment, then any amount of impairment loss that the company has incurred would be first allocated to that goodwill and then the remaining impairment loss would be allocated to the other assets on pro rate basis (Erant and Young, 2017). But the management will have to keep it in mind that the value of the asset would never be reduced to below (the higher of its recoverable value or 0). This amount of loss would be allocated following the same process for any single cash generating unit. References: Cpaaustralia.com.au. (2017).Impairment of assets. [online] Available at: https://www.cpaaustralia.com.au/~/media/corporate/allfiles/document/professional-resources/reporting/reporting-ifrsfactsheet-impairment-of-assets.pdf?la=en [Accessed 17 Sep. 2017]. https://www.accaglobal.com, A. (2017).IAS 36 impairment of assets | ACCA Global. [online] Accaglobal.com. Available at: https://www.accaglobal.com/in/en/member/discover/cpd-articles/corporate-reporting/ias36-impairment.html [Accessed 18 Sep. 2017]. Iasplus.com. (2017).IAS 36 Impairment of Assets. [online] Available at: https://www.iasplus.com/en/standards/ias/ias36 [Accessed 18 Sep. 2017]. www.ey.com. (2017).Impairment accounting. [online] Available at: https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/Impairment_accounting_the_basics_of_IAS_36_Impairment_of_Assets/$FILE/Impairment_accounting_IAS_36.pdf [Accessed 18 Sep. 2017]. www.mca.gov.in. (2017).Accounting standard 28. [online] Available at: https://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/notification/pdf/AS_28.pdf [Accessed 18 Sep. 2017]. www.pwc.com. (2008).Top 10 tips for impairment testing. [online] Available at: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/ifrs-reporting/pdf/impairment-10tips.pdf [Accessed 18 Sep. 2017].

Teaching English to a beginner class overseas Essay Example

Teaching English to a beginner class overseas Essay Good Evening William, I will be making my comments in blue tonight. Part One: Question 1 In point one, Marco and Kumiko expect to learn different things in relation to their environment. Marco, the engineer, would expect to learn English for special purposes. This is because he needs to communicate well with the other Engineers on issues of both professional and social nature. By the end of the course, he expects to be able to talk about the details of the project with appropriate English. He should also be able to communicate with his superiors and the clients using fluent English. We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching English to a beginner class overseas specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching English to a beginner class overseas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Teaching English to a beginner class overseas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Kumiko’s interest in English is for academic purposes. She would expect to be able to read write and listen any English related materials without difficulty. Since she is in an English speaking country, her classes will be taught in English. She expects to follow her classes with no difficulty by the time she finishes her course. She will also expect to interact with her peers with ease. I agree with you regarding both students. Here are some other points to consider. Let us assume that Marco is at the Intermediate level of English in all four areas, i.e. reading, writing, speaking and listening. This means that he is already able to communicate fairly well with others in English and can make himself understood as long as the topic, or the task is not to complicated or too technical. Marco is an engineer and is going to China to work with other engineers from other countries. They all have English as a common language. Marco needs to be able to communicate effectively with the other engineers, so he will need to learn: How to read and understand very specific material written in English that is related to the engineering project he will be involved with. ( specific vocabulary and style of writing unique to the genre ) How to prepare and present a report or an update on the work he is doing. How to have a discussion and express agreement or disagreement How to interrupt politely and turn taking in a meeting. How to express an opinion and support it with facts. How to express and resolve a complaint. How to ask and give advice. Kumiko would need to have a very comprehensive level test done in order to determine what kind of English she would need to study. The level test would need to focus on English for Academic Purposes. What level is her reading and writing? Would she be able to do the assignments given to her by her teachers? Is she ahead or behind in the curriculum to be taught? She would need to be tested for Classroom English; her ability to understand instructions, directions and explanations from her teachers. She would also need to have her English speaking ability tested to determine if she could communicate with the teachers and other students. She would benefit greatly if she attended an international school where there were other students in her same situation. The school would have an ESL/EFL program in place in order to help her get up the same level as the other students. The sixth point elaborates on motivational factors. Students in an ideal classroom will most likely perform better as compared to students in an average or a poor classroom (Fayton, 2002). My ideal classroom had walls that were decorated with charts and pictures that were both entertaining and educative. The wall color was cream. The lighting was good (not too bright and not too dull) as the class had large windows that enabled most of the natural light to penetrate. The window blinds prevented the burning rays of the sun from reaching the students. The reading materials brought in a touch of ‘fun’ in what would have otherwise been a dull class. One of my favorite teachers taught me when I was in elementary school. She made one feel as though the topic being taught was the most fascinating topic one could ever learn. If one looked distracted, she would create time for the specific student. This included asking them whether they had any problems outside the classroom. She also went of her way and talked to parents in order to make sure that the students’ environments at school and home were conducive for learning. I thought I would add a few of my own ideas on the subject. My ideal classroom would have bulletin boards on the walls so students could post their work. This would allow other students to see what their friends were doing and hopefully give them new ideas of their own. It would be a version of brainstorming. I would also have one section of the classroom for pictures. Students could draw something that relates to the lesson and put it up for others to see. Visualizing helps students to remember things better. Color also stimulates the brain and makes it easier to remember. I remember a teacher named Mr.Massengale. He was a teacher of mine in junior high school when I was around 13 or 14 years old. He was the first African American I ever met. He was kind, strong and always encouraging. I remember he told me I could be anything I wanted to be, but first I had to decide what that was going to be. He was honest, direct and open. I could ask him anything about anything. He was very relaxed, confident and knew his subject. He taught geography. The seventh point can be used to elaborate on ways of introducing the more communicative approach to students who are used to the traditional approach. Most students will be conservative during the first few lessons. They may just sit there and look at the teacher, fail to understand what the teacher is trying to do, or simply find the class difficult. However, the teacher can start by asking the students which way they were taught in their previous learning experiences (Hinkel, 2004). The teacher can try to illustrate in order to encourage students to interact. In order to introduce the role-play, the teacher may start by asking the students to talk about themselves. This will encourage them to be open. Then he/she can ask simple questions that need direct answers. Instead of approaching the topic directly, the teacher can start by talking about issues relating to the topic thus encouraging students to participate. The students will feel free to think and contribute (Hinkel, 2004). The teacher should make sure that the students are corrected in the right way in case of any mistakes. This particular point to consider applies directly to my own teaching situation so I would like to share a few thoughts with you. A teacher trying to use purely communicative activities for the first time in this kind of class would be greeted with stunned silence. If students have always had a teacher-fronted class, then the teacher has been doing all of the talking and has been the main focal point of the class. In a communicative class students would feel bewildered if they were expected to say or do something. They expect the teacher to be the authority, the source of knowledge in the classroom and expect him/her to do all of the talking and they would feel lost if they were suddenly expected to participate. They would feel shy and embarrassed because they might give the wrong answer. They wouldn’t understand that in a communicative language class, there is no wrong answer, because if you are not making mistakes, it means that you are not trying hard enough. We learn from doing and learn from our mistakes. If you wait until you can say it perfectly, you will never say it. Another point that might inhibit students from speaking is that traditionally, students get into trouble if they talk in class and that is precisely what you are asking them to do in a communicative language class. It would be a good idea to start slowly with simple communicative activities, such as pair work. That way if students make a mistake when they speak, they only say it to their partner. To ease into pair work, the teacher might start the class by presenting the language function for the lesson, let’s say Describing Yourself and then the target language, adjectives, such as tall, thin, pretty handsome, black hair, short hair, long hair etc., the correct use of the verb to be or have, and common nouns such as body parts and clothes. The teacher would go around the class and ask students words that describe themselves. If the class is a low level beginner class, the teacher would supply the adjectives and nouns by looking at students in the class and then writing them under the correct column. Adjectives Verbs Nouns Tall to be hair Short have shirt Black wear nose I am _________________ I have________________ She is________________ He has________________ Tom is wearing______________________ So far the activity has been 70 / 30 teacher fronted. Now the teacher can bring up two students in front of the class and demonstrate how to do pair work. The students can look at the board and find a word or words that describe themselves, e.g. I have black hair. Their partner can say, ‘ I am thin’. The students can take turns until they have described themselves. Now all of the rest of the students can simply turn in their chairs and describe themselves to the person next to them. As time goes on, and students become more comfortable to talking to other student in class, they can move their chairs, or move around the room describing themselves to many students. This can be expanded into asking questions about what their partner looks like as well. Once students have gotten used to pair work, role-plays could be introduced. It would be good for the teacher to present the language focus of the role-play and write it on the board, such as Giving Directions. The teacher would then introduce the target language that students would need in order to achieve the goal, giving directions. The teacher would then hand out pre-made example conversations for students to read to their partner. This would get them more comfortable with how a real conversation is supposed to sound like. On another handout, key words or grammar points could be left out, so that students would have to fill in the blanks. This can be done gradually, removing easy words at first and then moving on to harder ones. Eventually, students could write their own simple conversations, tell them to their partners and later present them to the class. Part Two: Question 1- Students’ Questionnaire Where (Country) are you from? Which is your native language (first language)? What level of English are you currently at? Tick one: (Beginner, Intermediate, Advanced) Why are you in this country? What do you plan to achieve by the end of this course? Have you had any previous learning experiences even in other subjects/courses? If yes, how long was the experience? How did the teacher teach you? Did you have class discussions or did she/he do most of the talking? Describe one of the classes you attended (color of the class, lighting, materials in the class, etc). Describe one of your favorite teachers. What made his/her classes interesting? What interests you most when learning? What motivates you to take this particular course? These are some good questions that would help you determine their learning style and level of English ability. Here are some others to consider. Does your native language interfere with your learning of English? If so, how? ( explain ) What is the most difficult part of learning English? ( be specific and explain ) How many years of English instruction have you had? Have you ever experienced role-plays, pair or group work or made oral presentations in an English class before? If yes, were these methods of learning English helpful? How? How do you currently study English when you are out of class? ( be specific ) How would you rate your English ability? ( poor/fair/good/excellent ) Reading ____________ Writing____________ Speaking___________ Listening___________ Why are you taking this course? ( explain ) What do you hope to learn in this course? ( be specific ) How do you plan to use English in the future? In terms of your career, where do you see yourself in 5 years. ( explain ) How will proficiency in English help you achieve your career goals? ( explain ) In one paragraph, describe the perfect job and why. Part Three: Question 1 The lesson plan on dating is meant for students learning the general English. This can be foe personal or social purposes. This class mostly comprises of teenagers, youths or young adults. Either the students might be mixed in gender or the class could have the girls as the majority. The students are at the intermediate level. The students are from a country that has been influenced by westernization. Dating is very popular among the young and the middle-aged people. It is a social event and a very fascinating topic among the young people. The main need of these students is to learn English for social and interaction purposes. The young people are also particularly fond of pop music. The girls are very fond of the boy-bands. Incorporating the materials brought forth by the teacher will also attract maximum attention and concentration. It will also make the class more interesting as compared to teaching about dating without either of the materials. Since the country has been influenced by westernization, the dating topic is not a taboo and the pop music from the boy band is not considered as inappropriate music. A teacher should be careful in choosing songs they use to study because some pop songs use ‘bad’ language, glorify sex and violence, and can be racially insulting. Some cultures find this kind of music offensive. The last thing a teacher needs is to get into trouble with the school for teaching students something culturally unacceptable. Having said that, if a teacher can find a song that is suitable and acceptable. I think that it would be useful to pre-teach slang words that are in the lyrics, as well as idiomatic expressions. The teacher could also show how song lyrics are modern day poetry in that they have rhyming words and rhythm. In the election lesson plan, the students are from learning English for special purposes. They are at the advanced level. The students in this class are from the age of thirty years. The students may have more men than women. This is because the political interest is more in men than it is in women. The national elections and the recent CNN extracts will enable students to discuss the issue professionally. They may be learning English in order to carry out a particular survey in the host country or they may be learning it in order to follow up on the political issues of the host country. Since this class is full of professionals and adults of an advanced age, the materials to be used are of a professional nature. These extracts will enable the advanced learners to enhance the vocabularies, and they will enable hem to communicate professionally better. It would be extremely important to make sure that discussing politics is acceptable in the country you are teaching in. In any class, you will have students who take political issues and their candidates very seriously. Discussions could get very heated. The teacher must also be careful not to take sides or express their own personal views on the issues and candidates for fear of alienating students who disagree. The lesson on the little red riding hood is for a class that is at the beginners’ level. Most of the students in this class are below the age of ten years. The English being learnt at this level is for academic purposes. The students expect to read, write, listen and speak using the Enlish language. The students may also take and English exam so their interest would also be to pass their exams. The song is meant for young children. It helps the children to learn basic vocabulary while enjoying the lesson. It is also meant to build up the basics of the English language in these students. Through this lesson plan, the students will also know how to use the language to entertain others as they remember the basic things they have been taught. Younger students like to hear and read stories about characters their own age. The stories are interesting and entertaining. Stories like this one can be read aloud to the students or students can read it silently. Students can be pre-taught key vocabulary items as well as how to use simple conjunctives and temporal markers as these help move a story along. They can be taught how verbs change to talk about different periods of time, in this case the past tense or past continuous. Students can be encouraged to write their own short stories or draw picture stories. Part Three: Question 2 â€Å"HIV and AIDS condition†- We could discuss what this means or what they stand for. We could also discuss the causes of the condition, its prevention and the condition’s cure. If not, we could discuss its control. We could also discuss the people whose bodies are at risk of acquiring this condition. Language functions would include cause and effect (It is caused by†¦because of†¦). Another function is communicating opinions (I think, maybe). â€Å"Literature†- We could read a story from a book and then tell to summarize the story verbally and then ask the students to summarize each character in the story. After this exercise, we would come up with the best character in the story. Language functions would include relating/retelling the events (use of past tense). The other describing function (good, evil, merciful). â€Å"The internet†- We could discuss both aspects of it in form of a debate. We could talk about its effect on the society. We could also discuss what effect the internet has on the young people. Language functions may include expressing of possibility (may, could). There could also be comparative function (It is good†¦unlike, it is better than). It would be important to make sure that this topic would be acceptable to the DoS. Some cultures do not approve of open discussions of homosexuality and it could cause some serious problems for the teacher. William, please scroll down to the end of the module and read my comments for Part 4 Q1-Q3. Part Four: Question 1 By the end of this course, the class will have improved on their weak areas. They will also have developed good vocabulary in order to express themselves in a clearer manner. This having the proper knowledge of the language functions in reading, writing and in speech. Activities such as explaining the culture differences between the students’ culture and the host country’s culture can be used. Job description, resolving conflicts between co-workers, talking about the current affairs in the host country or the home country, interviewing and hiring, amongst other activities can be used in order to develop their interaction and their professional vocabulary using the language functions. Part Four: Question 2: Language Functions Explaining/Describing- The students can describe the areas the areas that are most suitable for putting up the project. They can pick the two most suitable sites. Each should give reasons that make one site better than the other does. For example, site A is in an area that is not economically active. Clarifying/asking questions- students should engage in the ‘what’ questions, focusing on work related areas. For example, what can be done in order to reduce the overwhelming costs being incurred? What are the chances of failing to complete the project? Cause and Effect- The students should be to express the cause of something and then explain the effect as far as work is concerned. For example, delaying the project will lead to an increase in the project related costs. Evaluating- The students should be able to use this language function in order to evaluate certain things at the workplace. For example, what are the pros and cons reporting to one manager as compared to reporting to diverse managers? Expressing likes/needs – Students should be able to express their preferences. I like to work with co-workers who communicate. Drawing conclusions- the students should be able to draw conclusions from the presented issues at the work place. For example, This site is the best because†¦ Describing actions – The students should be able to describe the various activities that might take place in a site or office. For example, the structure will first be built up to the sixth storey within the first six months and then the rest will be finished later. Making predictions – The students should be able to make predictions in anticipation of future results related to the project. For example, the cost of materials will have increased by the time we are half through to finish the project. 1. Change – develop. Maybe have them try to persuade each other as to which location is best suited for the project and why. 2. Change- develop You need to have a work related lesson focus. Questions about what? You need to drop the part about ‘social questions’. They can already perform that language function. 3. Change –replace. Select a new lesson topic and a new language function if you use ‘Persuading’ in #1. 4. Change – replace. This one is OK, but develop it further. 5. Change – replace. It is not work related. 6. Change – replace They can already perform this language function. 7. Change – replace It is not work related. 8. Change-replace. Making predictions is a good language function, but how does it relate to their needs on the project? Part Four: Question 3 Class: Engineers (Tuesday 4- 5.30 p.m.) Lesson: 1 of 8 Level: Upper-Intermediate Target Language: Explaining/Describing Activities: Introduce scenario: possible sites that the project can be put up. Describe each site stating its pros and cons. Give handouts with sentences of a descriptive nature. For example, site one is on wet, flat land. Site two, is too hilly, etc. By the end of the discussion, the students should be able to come with the best site for the project. Materials: Three sites appropriate for the project Class: Engineers (Tuesday 4- 5.30 p.m.) Lesson: 2 of 8 Level: Upper-Intermediate Target Language: Clarifying/asking questions Activities: Introduce scenario: Students to form two groups. They should discuss on the things that can be done in order to make sure that the project runs smoothly (e.g. What can be done in order to make sure that the costs are reduced? What are the managers doing in order to increase efficiency? What can be done in order to ensure that each worker performs his/her role?). The necessary corrections will be done by the other group. Materials: The two groups, each member taking up a character (e.g a head engineer, a worker, a human resource manager, etc). Class: Engineers (Tuesday 4- 5.30 p.m.) Lesson: 3 of 8 Level: Upper-Intermediate Target Language: Cause and Effect Activities: Introduce scenario: The students should pick up a number of actions and then explain their cause and effect. For example, the students can discuss issues such as uncorporating workers, poor human resource management, poor site, amongst others. They may also choose to discuss the opposite of each issue. For example, cooperating workers, good human resource management, a good site, etc. Materials: A chart containing the diverse issues. Class: Engineers (4- 5.30 p.m.) Lesson: 4 of 8 Level: Upper-Intermediate Target Language: Evaluating Activities: pick a major project in the host country that is of interest to students. Ask the students to evaluate the project, stating the compliments, the weaknesses and recommendations. Materials: the site with the project of interest. Class: Engineers (4- 5.30 p.m.) Lesson: 5 of 8 Level: Upper-Intermediate Target Language: Expressing likes/needs Activities: Introduce scenario: the site of the project. Students can come up with different activities that might take place in a site. For example, there might be a group of engineers evaluating the grounds, the might be other workers looking at the project charts. The students should use phrases and terms that express their feelings (e.g. I like efficient workers. I wish the human resource department could appoint more managers.) Materials: The site of the project can be introduced in form of a picture. The people might be doing different activities. Class: Engineers (4 -5.30 p.m.) Lesson: 6 of 8 Level: Upper-Intermediate Target Language: Drawing Conclusions Activities: Introduce scenario: Students should come up with different activities taking place while people are working on a project. The students should then make conclusions from these actions. For example, if the workers are not increased, the project will take longer than expected. The project will not become a success if the manager will not be changed. Materials: Chart with activities. Class: Engineers (Tuesday 4- 5.30 p.m.) Lesson: 7 of 8 Level: Upper-Intermediate Target Language: Describing Actions Activities: Introduce scenario: The students can watch a short documentary incorporating workers/engineers working on a different project. The students will be asked to describe the activities taking place in the documentary. They can also describe the activities that are more popular than the others are. Materials: A documentary Class: Engineers (Tuesday 4- 5.30 p.m.) Lesson: 8 of 8 Level: Upper-Intermediate: Target language: Making predictions Activities: Introduce scenario: The students can evaluate a project of interest and make predictions of what would take place if certain actions were taken. Words such would, can or may, should be used. The costs may reduce if the efficiency is improved. Materials: A project of interest. References Feyton, C. M. (2002). Teaching ESL. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice-Hall. Hinkel, E. (2004). Teaching academic ESL writing: Practical techniques in vocabulary and grammar. Mahwah, N.J: L. Erlbaum Associates. Part 4 Q!-Q3 William, many of my students have a problem with this part of the module. The key is being aware of their level of English (upper – intermediate) and making sure that what you would teach them would be relevant for a group of engineers going overseas where the common language will be English. This group of students is at the upper-intermediate level of English. As such they can already have discussions about international politics, the world economy and a variety of social issues. For this reason, the lessons must be at an appropriate level and they must also be relevant to work. Here are a few ideas other students have used to develop great lessons. Take a look. 1. Describing jobs and discussing the role of each person on the project. 2. Cultural differences – the do’s and don’ts in the host country. 3. Conflict resolution between co-workers. 4. Current affairs in the host country that might impact the project. 5. Interviewing and hiring local workers for the project. Please go back and make changes to the following lessons for both Q2 and Q3. They must match. Also make sure you also change Q1 so that the ‘outcomes’ cover the target lessons in Q2 and Q3. 1. Change – develop. Maybe have them try to persuade each other as to which location is best suited for the project and why. 2. Change- develop You need to have a work related lesson focus. Questions about what? You need to drop the part about ‘social questions’. They can already perform that language function. 3. Change –replace. Select a new lesson topic and a new language function if you use ‘Persuading’ in #1. 4. Change – replace. This one is OK, but develop it further. 5. Change – replace. It is not work related. 6. Change – replace They can already perform this language function. 7. Change – replace It is not work related. 8. Change-replace. Making predictions is a good language function, but how does it relate to their needs on the project? The, overall, you have done an excellent job on this module. I am very pleased with your work. Your writing is clear and to the point. You have a solid understanding of what the module is trying to get across to you and present your ideas in a thoughtful and well organized fashion. I just need you to go back and make the changes I have requested for Part 4 Q1-Q3. Remember, keep the lessons focused on the students’ work related needs. I’ll keep an eye out for your resubmission. Keep up the good work. You are doing a great job. Really! Cheers, Scott Grade: None yet ( As with all ICAL assignments, a pass mark is 16/20. If you grade less than this you are allowed to re-work and re-submit assignment as many times as you wish to reach a pass mark. If your grade 16 or above then you move automatically on to the next module.)